crime and deviance topic 8 - globalisation, human rights, green crime and state crime

Question 1

how do Held et al define globalisation

Answer 1

the widening, deepening and speeding up of world wide interconnectedness in all aspects of life from the cultural to the criminal, the financial to the spiritual

Question 2

factors which have caused globalisation

Answer 2

• rapid spread of ICT
• global mass media
• deregulation of financial markets
• cheap air travel

Question 3

explain the globalisation of crime

Answer 3

the same processes which have enabled the globalisation of legitimate activities have also facilitated the transnational organised crime globally

Question 4

what does Castells argue

Answer 4

as a result of globalisation, the global criminal economy is worth over £1 trillion per annum

Question 5

examples of the activity in the global criminal economy

Answer 5

• smuggling of illegal immigrants: the Chinese Triads make an estimated £2.5 billion annually
• trafficking of body parts: for organ transplants in developed countries. For example around 2000 organs are taken annually from condemned or executed criminals in China
• international terrorism: spreading ideology through the internet to induce terror

Question 6

how do the forces of demand drive the global criminal economy

Answer 6

• the rich West demand the goods and services provided by transnational organised crime

Question 7

how do the forces of supply influence the scale of transnational organised crime

Answer 7

• for emerging or developing countries, working in these industries are an attractive option as they require little initial investment in tech and command higher prices compared to traditional crops for e.g.

Question 8

Colombia…

Answer 8

• around 20% of the population are dependent on cocaine production for their livelihood
• cocaine outsells all exports