Crime and Deviance; Subcultural Explanations Questions Flashcards
what theory belonged to Albert Cohen (1955)?
status frustration
what is status frustration (Cohen, 1995)?
secondary boys in lower streams experienced status deprivation
this lead to status frustration
gangs were formed to gain status elsewhere (aka subcultural status)
true or false?
gangs, according to Cohen (1955), formed alternative sets of values that went against the mainstream, and gained status through fulfilling these alternate goals/values.
true
who theorised about delinquency and drift?
matza (1964)
what is drift (matza, 1964)?
criminals drift in and out of value consensus, but ultimately hold the same norms and values as the rest of society
footnote
he evidences this with the fact that criminals often show remorse and regret
what three subcultures were described by cloward and ohlin?
- criminal
- conflict
- retreatist
what is a criminal subculture (cloward and ohlin)?
- stable w/c community
- successful criminal role models
- career structure for aspiring criminals (opportunity for escalation)
what is a conflict subculture (cloward and ohlin)?
- no legitimate or illegitimate opportunities for success
- frustration —> violence
- status is achieved through fighting
footnote
example is gangs in NY slums
what is a retreatist subculture (cloward and ohlin)?
- lack of opportunity for criminal or conflict subcultures
- centred around drug-dealing and consumption
- small-scale crime
true or false?
south (1997) found evidence of the three subcultures described by cloward and ohlin.
true
what movement was founded by Taylor, Walton and Young (1973)?
new criminology
what did Taylor, Walton and Young (1973) point out about subcultures?
that they did not all consist of w/c failures
(e.g. hippies mostly consisted of the m/c)
