Crime and Deviance - sociologists Flashcards
What did Durkheim say?
- Boundary Maintenance: Reasserts the value consensus and create social solidarity
- Warning device: Society needs to adapt and change
What did Davis say?
Safety valve: Prostitution used to release sexual tension
What did Merton study?
American dream - Goal of material success
What are Merton’s 5 responses to strain?
- Rebel
- Conformist
- Innovator
- Retreatism
- Ritualist
Who did Albert Cohen study?
Working Class boys
What did Albert Cohen find?
- not achieving legitimately leads to status frustration
- form subcultures based on shared experiences
- create new deviant goals
What did Cloward and Ohlin find?
Different subcultures respond to failure in different ways
What did Cloward and Ohlin say the different subcultures are?
- Criminal subculture
- Conflict subculture
- Retreatist subculture
What did Box say?
Ideological law making
What did Chambliss say?
Selective law enforcement
What did Pearce say?
Caring face of capitalism
What does Becker say?
Moral entrepreneur - someone who tries to influence societies reaction to change the law eg: journalists, politicians
What did Cicourel say?
Police use typifications
What did Lemert say?
Primary and Secondary deviance
What did Braithwaite say?
Reintegrative shaming - labelling can be used to reintegrate offenders
What did Murray say?
Welfare dependency has led to an underclass who are more likely to be criminals
What did Clarke say?
Rational choice theory
What did Young say?
Working Class feel humiliated when comparing themselves to middle class
What did Lea and Young say?
Subcultures are a response to lacking the means to achieve goals
What did Heidensohn say?
Criminology is malestream
How many crimes are committed by men? How much of the prison population is men?
80%
95%
What did Katz say?
Most crimes are committed out of boredom
What did Felson say?
Situational crime prevention
What did Wolfgang find?
26% of murders involved victim precipitation
