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sociology > crime and deviance and social strat > Flashcards

crime and deviance and social strat Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is delinquency?

A

Minor crime and deviancy

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2
Q

What is alienation?

A

Under capitalism, workers feel alienated as they have no control over production or the products of their labour

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3
Q

What is meant by mass media?

A

Forms of communication that reach large audiences e.g newspapers or the internet

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4
Q

What is neo-liberalism?

A

Linked to New Right and believes competition choice and privatisation are most effective ways to run aspects of society

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5
Q

What is the New Right that’s associated with Charles Murray?

A

Believe the influence of the state in society should be reduced and market should have more of a role (eg marketisation)

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6
Q

What did Weber say about power?

A

It’s an ability of an individual to get what they want, despite opposition , normally based on either coercion (use of force or threat) or authority

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7
Q

What is corporate crime?

A

Crimes committed by employees on behalf of a company or organisation that they work for

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8
Q

What did Weber say about legal rational authority?

A

Obedience is based on people accepting a set of laws or written rules about how things are done

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9
Q

What are the means of production under capitalism as identified by marxists?

A

Property, factories and machinery

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10
Q

What are folk devils and who studied them?

A

Groups that are defined as a threat to society’s values and are blamed for something that may not be their fault & Cohen studied them

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11
Q

What did Cohen say about subculture?

A

Working class boys experience status frustration so join subcultures

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12
Q

Who came up with the strain theory and what does it mean?

A

The functionalist Merton- says working class can’t achieve goals due to status and so turn to crime

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13
Q

What are the 5 reactions to the strain theory?

A

Conformity, innovation, retreatism, rebellion, ritualism

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14
Q

According to Durkheim, what 4 things do crime do?

A

1) Show boundaries/maintenance
2) Changes society
3) Acts as a warning
4) Provides jobs

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15
Q

What does the feminist Carlen say about crime?

A

Women turn to crime if they can’t conform to the gender and class deal

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16
Q

What is the feminist Heindensohns control theory?

A

Women are controlled at home, at work and in public and so they develop a bedroom culture + two separate spheres (male public + woman private)

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17
Q

Why did Murray believe there was growing underclass?

A

Over generous welfare benefits

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18
Q

What did Townsend find after conducing a survey on 2000 households about poverty?

A

Government hand underestimated poverty (6% vs 22%)

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19
Q

How does capitalism cause crime?

A

Materialism (wealth = success)
Consumerism (wanted latest)
Competition (for wealth)

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20
Q

What is meant by the glass ceiling?

A

Invisible barrier in employment that prevents some groups from gaining promotions

21
Q

What is meant by the poverty trap?

A

Little incentive for low income workers to earn extra income

22
Q

What is a master status?

A

When individuals are solely defined by their deviance e.g ‘junkie’ or ‘thief’

23
Q

What did Townsley and Marshall argue about police recorded crime?

A

Exaggerate true level of crime among some ethnic groups as police focus on individuals who they think commit more crime

24
Q

3 reasons for young people being more criminal?

A

Bad parenting, peer groups, biology

25
Q

What are lumpenproleteriats?

A

Describes a social class made up of the drop outs or criminals of society

26
Q

What is meant by a false class consciousness?

A

Where working class do not recognise that they are being exploited or do not realise where their true interests lie

27
Q

What is meant by culture of dependency?

A

A way of life that is centred on reliance on welfare benefits

28
Q

What is an aristocracy?

A

Small class of privileged people e.g Duke or Lady

29
Q

What is meant by social control?

A

The way that the norms, rules, laws and structures of the society regulate human behaviour

30
Q

Difference between wealth and income?

A

Wealth is ownership of assets whereas income is the resources received over period of time (money)

31
Q

Why could it be difficult to research the richest people in the UK?

A

People may have high income but low wealth
Ownership is not always straight forward

32
Q

What is the double deviance thesis?

A

Justice system teats some woman more harshly because they are double deviants (broke the law and the gender norms)

33
Q

Why do marxists believe crime occurs?

A

In an unequal capitalist society not everyone can earn enough to consume and so people will try get material goods through illegal means

34
Q

Difference between universal benefits and means tested benefits?

A

Universal are available for everyone whereas means tested are only received if you fit a criteria

35
Q

What 4 things does the welfare service provide?

A

Health
Education
Welfare benefits
Social services

36
Q

What 4 things does the welfare service provide?

A

Health
Education
Welfare benefits
Social services

37
Q

What did the functionalists Davis and Moore say about inequality?

A

It’s necessary in society so that all functionally important positions can be filled

38
Q

What did the functionalists Davis and Moore say about inequality?

A

It’s necessary in society so that all functionally important positions can be filled

39
Q

What did feminists say about poverty?

A

Women more likey to experience because of gender pay gap and values in society

40
Q

What did marxists say about poverty?

A

As a result of a capitalist society- extreme wealth for bourgeoisie and poverty for proletariat

41
Q

What is meant by the crime rate?

A

Measure of crime in terms of the number of incidents of a particular crime per specified number of adults

42
Q

What are the 6 patriarchal structures Walby believed restricted women and helped maintain male domination?

A

Paid work
Housework
Culture
Sexual behaviour
Violence
The state

43
Q

What is pluralism?

A

Argues a range of views, interests and opinions and that there’s no dominant political process

44
Q

What are the 3 types of authority?

A

Traditional, rational legal and charismatic

45
Q

What did Devine argue which went against Goldthorpes view?

A

Working- class lifestyles, norms and values had not changed as much

46
Q

What did Karl Marx believe there was going to be?

A

A workers revolution in which the bourgeoisie created a shared identity (exploiting the proletariat)

47
Q

What is meant by embourgeoisement?

A

Working- class families are becoming middle class in their norms and values

48
Q

What is meant by agenda setting?

A

The ability of the media to do us public attention on particular topics

sociology (1 decks)

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