Crime and deviance

Question 1

who’s Pilkington

Answer 1

Interpretavist who’s critical of the ocs because many crimes are actually not included in them- there existence a dark figure ( hidden iceberg of unreported or unrecorded crimes.

Question 2

Recorded and Unrecorded

Answer 2

crimes not recorded on the ocs appx 70%

30% of crimes were recorded on the ocs

Question 3

Lambert- Evidence for police racism

Answer 3

Notes that the official criminal statistics are socially constructed. therefore the police choose to ignore and indicate to label people as suspicious or potential criminals
their decision to arrest someone maybe based on stereotype.

Question 4

Phillips and Bowling

Answer 4

over policing in neighbourhoods where ethnic minorities particularly African- Caribbean’s are heavily concentrated

oppressed methods by police- London riots

Question 5

McPherson Report

Answer 5

institutional racism- Stephen Lawrence

Unwritten prejudice- not aware that their behaviour is prejudice

ignorance- Police know too little about ethnic minorities

Question 6

Townsley and Marshall

Answer 6

2004 suggested that London police officer engaged in racial practice ‘ driving whilst black- cars containing young black people were more likely to be stopped and searched

Question 7

official statistics of 2011

Answer 7

showed that African- Caribbean young males are 8times more likely to be stopped and searched more than white people

Question 8

The use of the OCS

Answer 8

Tells us volume of crime
Type of crime
Characteristics of criminal

Question 9

Measuring crime

Answer 9

The Ocs is collated by Police and Courts then published by the home office 4 times a year (EveryQuater)

Question 10

Explain 3 ways of measuring crime

Answer 10

Official Criminal Statistics
Victim Survey
Self-Report studies

Question 11

Statistics for violent crime

Answer 11

1976- 6%
1997- 8%
2013-22%
2013 sexual crimes 17%

Question 12

Statistics for Property crime

Answer 12

1990s - in decline

2012- 80%

Question 13

Social class
Reiner
Hagell and Newburn

Answer 13

R- 74% of the prison population is drawn from H- 20% of the poorest - unemployed or employed in semi skilled or unskilled work.

Question 14

Regional

Answer 14

inner city council estate have higher rates of crime than surbs or rural.

Question 15

Youth

Answer 15

most burglary, street robbery and violence against a person is committed by 17-24
The older a person gets the less they are likely to commit a crime.
Male offenders- 18years
Female offenders- 15years

Question 16

Interpretivist

Answer 16

Believe the OCS lack reliability and validity it suggests that it does not measure actual crime rather than a social construction
by 
General Public 
Victims of crime 
Politicians 
Mass media 
Police officers
Magistrates and judges

Question 17

Changes on the OCS

Answer 17

Economic change - living standards have improved people are more affluence
parts of insurance require police report
people are becoming more tolerant of property crimes as things are cheap these days
Rape statistics- rape Is still under reported

Question 18

Referring to the clip - Police discretion

Answer 18

An Asian woman was stopped and had 6points on her licence and was fined 260 but in the same situation a white woman was let off shows police desertion being used.
canteen culture- new police officers learn racism ways from older police officers.

Use discrimination

Question 19

Attitudes of ethnic minorities

Answer 19

Asian N Black people have bad encounters with the police which often involves conflict