Crime and deviance

Question 1

what is deviance

Answer 1

deviance is an act that goes against the values and norms of society. crime can be deviant however not all deviant acts are criminal

Question 2

what is crime

Answer 2

crime is an illegal act punishable by law as being forbidden by statute or injurious to public welfare. they can be punished using formal and informal sanctions

Question 3

what is the social definition of crime

Answer 3

an act is criminal if it is labelled as a crime by society

Question 4

how are crimes socially constructed

Answer 4

if an act is seen as criminal by society so the government makes it illegal

Question 5

what was banned under the criminal justice and courts act 2015

Answer 5

revenge porn- 2 year prison sanction. criminal and deviant

Question 6

what are the two elements of a crime

Answer 6

actus reus and mens rea

Question 7

what is the actus reus

Answer 7

the physical doing of the crime e.g. stabbing someone

Question 8

what is the mens rea

Answer 8

the mental aspect of the crime (intent)

Question 9

what is the chain of causation

Answer 9

the connection between the original cause and the subsequent result of that cause

Question 10

what is an intervening act

Answer 10

an act that breaks the chain of causation

Question 11

what is the mcnaughton rule

Answer 11

the mcnaughton rule dictates that a person may not be responsible of their crime if their state of mind was of diminished capacity. gave criminals the impression they could get away with crime if they pleaded insanity

Question 12

pleading insanity example: peter sutcliffe

Answer 12

yorkshire ripper- convicted for the murder of 13 women and the attempted murder of 7 women- received 20 life sentences- diagnosed with schizophrenia so he was found insane

Question 13

pleading insanity example: jefferey dahmer

Answer 13

serial killer and sex offender- 17 male victims- plead guilty by reason of insanity- plea was rejected and he was sentenced to 15 consecutive life sentences

Question 14

what are the three types of deviance

Answer 14

bad deviance, admired deviance and odd deviance

Question 15

what is admired deviance

Answer 15

behavior that is seen as extremely good or selfless e.g. greta thunberg helping the environment

Question 16

what is bad deviance

Answer 16

deviant behavior that is also criminal e.g. vagrancy

Question 17

what is odd deviance

Answer 17

behavior that goes against the norms of society e.g. lots of face tattoos

Question 18

what is social control

Answer 18

the enforcement of conformity by society through social pressure or punishments

Question 19

formal social control sanctions

Answer 19

imprisonment
fines
community orders

Question 20

informal social control sanctions

Answer 20

name calling
social isolation
judgmental looks

Question 21

what are the three types of non court sanctions

Answer 21

cautions
conditional cautions
penalty notices

Question 22

cautions

Answer 22

a formal warning given by police to anyone aged 10 or over who admitted to commiting a minor crime

Question 23

conditional cautions

Answer 23

where an offender complies with conditions as an alternative to prosecution

Question 24

penalty notices

Answer 24

a notice given to an individual allowing them to be immune from prosecution in exchange for a fee

Question 25

what are the three types of court sanctions

Answer 25

custodial sentence
community sentence
fines

Question 26

custodial sentence

Answer 26

a punishment consisting of a mandoatory custody of offender in an institution e.g. prison

Question 27

community sentence

Answer 27

a sentence where an offender must complete some community service

Question 28

fines

Answer 28

a sum of money paid by an offender as part of a punishment for the crime they committed

Question 29

what are deviance and crime relative to

Answer 29

time place culture and role

Question 30

changes to the laws of homosexuality

Answer 30

1967- the sexual offences act- homosexuality for males over 21 was legalised
1994-age of consent reduced to 18
2000- age of consent became the same as heterosexuals
2013- marriage act- same sex marriage legalised in some countries

Question 31

what is deviance based on role or position

Answer 31

something that is deviant for many but not all due to their role e.g. doctors turning of life support machines

Question 32

what is historical deviance

Answer 32

something that is only deviant at a certauin time e.g. homosexuality

Question 33

what is situational deviance

Answer 33

something that is only deviant in certain situations e.g. self defence

Question 34

what is cross cultural deviance

Answer 34

something that is deviant in some countries but not others e.g. fgm