Crime And Deviance

Question 1

What is the definition of crime?

Answer 1

Actions that break the formal written rules of society. An act that breaks the law.

Question 2

What is the definition of defiance?

Answer 2

Actions that do not conform to the dominant norms and values of a specific society.

Question 3

What is white collar crime?

Answer 3

Crime committed by middle and upper class individuals, often in course of their work.

Question 4

What is occupational crime?

Answer 4

Crime carried out in work (theft and fraud)

Question 5

What is corporate crime?

Answer 5

Crime carried out by directors (increase profit)

Question 6

What is computer crime?

Answer 6

Crime committed through a computer (illegal transfer)

Question 7

What does Anomie mean?

Answer 7

The breakdown of norms governing accepted social behaviour

Question 8

What is status frustration?

Answer 8

The theory of Albert Cohen that describes how working class people seek the same social goals of wider society but dont have the means of achieving them.

Question 9

What is a misdemeanour?

Answer 9

A minor wrongdoing

Question 10

What does material deprivation mean?

Answer 10

Lacking the ability purchase basic essentials necessary to live

Question 11

What are perpetrators?

Answer 11

People who carry out a harmful or illegal activity

Question 12

What is embezzlement?

Answer 12

Use of funds for a different purpose than they were intended for use - producing receipts or bills for activities that didn’t occur (hiding money)

Question 13

What is miscarriage of judgement?

Answer 13

A failure in the crime justice system

Question 14

What is the functionalist perspective of crime?

Answer 14

That people turn to crime to reach goals in society that they can’t reach through ethical means - Cohen describes it as status frustration

Question 15

What Marxist explanation of crime?

Answer 15

That working class crimes are overly represented compared to middle class crime, mainly due to police focus and media amplification

Question 16

What is the Interactionalist explanation of crime?

Answer 16

Labelling theory - applied to working class more than middle class

Question 17

What is the definition of retribution?

Answer 17

To punish a criminal for their wrong-doing

Question 18

What is rehabilitation?

Answer 18

To change and improve a criminal and ensure they turn away from crime

Question 19

What is the definition of protection?

Answer 19

Ensuring that the public are protected from dangerous criminals and crime

Question 20

What is vindication?

Answer 20

Justification for having the law in the first place

Question 21

What does reparation mean?

Answer 21

Paying back the harm/damage done (community service)

Question 22

What does deterrence mean?

Answer 22

To discourage others from crime, often through a harsh undesirable punishment (fear)

Question 23

What is the ‘Hypodermic needle theory’?

Answer 23

This is the theory that we are ‘drip fed’ messages through the media that over time influence the way we think and understand society. It suggests that the audience are passive and are likely to be influenced by famous people who become their role models on television.

Question 24

What is the definition of mass media?

Answer 24

Communication - whether written, broadcasted, or spoken - that reaches a large audience. This includes television, radio, advertising, movies, the internet, newspapers and magazines.

Question 25

What is a ‘Gatekeeper’?

Answer 25

Someone who controls what goes out in the media and how much access wen have to things. They decide if something will be reported on the front page of the news paper.

Question 26

What is news value?

Answer 26

The control of what is on the front cover of articles, depending on how worthy it is.