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crim unit 4 > Crim Unit 4 > Flashcards

Crim Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the three parts of parliament?

A

House of commons
House of Lords
Monarch

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2
Q

What is the government process?

A

1- Green paper: public consultation
2-white paper: formal proposal
3- First reading
4-second reading
5-committee stage
6-report stage
7-third reading
8- repeate in house of Lords (ping pong)
9-royal asscent

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3
Q

What’s the first reading

A

Name of Bill and main aims read out and formal vote taken

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4
Q

What’s the second reading

A

Main debate and formal vote

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5
Q

What’s the committee stage

A

Chosen group of representatives look closely at bill to address any issues and suggest appropriate ammendments

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6
Q

What’s the report stage

A

Committee report back to full house then vote

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7
Q

What’s the third reading?

A

The final vote

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8
Q

What’s royal ascent?

A

Monarch signs the bill

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9
Q

What’s judicial precedent

A

Law made by judges in courts

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10
Q

Case example for judiciary precedent

A

Donoghue vs Stevenson

Two friends visited cade and one had bottle of ginger beer that had remains of a decomposing snail in
Woman felt ill and sued manufacturer
Court decided duty of care was owned by manufacturer
‘Neighbour principle’ this case founded the modern day law of negligence

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11
Q

What’s statutory interpretation?

A

Judges in superior courts called upon yo interpet words and phrases in a statue

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12
Q

What’s a statue

A

A law

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13
Q

What are the superior courts

A

Appeal and supreme

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14
Q

Case example of statutory interpretation

A

Whitley vs Chappell
Defendant was charged with impersonate any person entitiles to vote
Defendant pretended to be a person who was on the voters list but that person had died
The court decided he was not guilty as the person was dead therefore not “entitled to vote”

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15
Q

What are the CJS agencies

A

Police
CPS
Judiciary
Prisons
Probation
Charities & pressure groups

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16
Q

Police relationship eith other organisations

A

Courts- ensure defendants in custody are brought before them
Courts- give evidence
Probation- management of offender
CPS- work in charging and prosecution

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17
Q

Relationship of courts

A

Judicuary- contributed to law creation though judicial precedent & statutory interpretation
Police- ensure safe delivery of prisoners to court
Prison- video links to prisoner not attending court hearing
Prisons- held in court cells pending court hearing and return to Prison

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18
Q

Relationship of CPS

A

Police- advise on charging suspect
Courts- conduct advocacy of case

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19
Q

Relationship of prisons

A

Juduciary- judges set terms
Police/courts- defendants denies bail remanded to prison
Probation- prisoner release

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20
Q

Charities relationship

A

Support change
Police- Sarah’s law worked with police on disclosure lists
Prisons- prison reform Trust

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21
Q

What are the modes of criminal justice

A

Due process
Crime control

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22
Q

What’s the due process model

A

Left realism
Presumption of innocence
Promotes fairness
Promotes defendants rights
Limits official oppression (police)
Legislation should provide safeguards for fair conviction
Caring & equal society creates justice

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23
Q

Case that shows due process

A

Opposite- Colin stagg

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24
Q

What’s the crim control model

A

Right realism
Zero tolerance
Presumption of guilt
Enhance police powers
Protect rights of victims
Retribution & revenge
Quick efficient disposal of cases
Deter through detention & comviction

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25
Q

Case example of crime control model

A

Barry George

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26
Q

What’s social control?

A

Strategies preventing deviant behaviour

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27
Q

What are internal forms of social control

A

Rational ideology
Tradition/religion
Internalised social rules & morals

28
Q

What’s external forms of control

A

Coercion- use of force
Fear of punishment
Police

29
Q

What are the aims of punishment

A

Retribution
Rehabilitation
Deterrence
Public protection
Reparation
Denunciation

30
Q

Forms of punishment

A

Imprisonment
Community sentences
Fines
Discharges

31
Q

Prisons aims met?

A

Retribution- yes
Rehabilitation- yes(some cases no)
Public protection- yes
Detterence- sometimes

32
Q

Community sentences meet aims?

A

Rehabilitation- yes
Denunciation- yes
Reparation-yes
Detterence- no?
Retribution- no

33
Q

Fines meet aims?

A

Detterence- no
Retribution-no
Reparation- yes

34
Q

Discharge meet aims?

A

Detterence-no
Rehabilitation-yes

35
Q

Police aims?

A

Reduce crime
Maintain law and order
Protection of life & property
Preservation of peace

36
Q

Funding of police?

A

Government & Council tax

37
Q

Police philosophy

A

Honesty& integrity
Authority, respect & courtesy
Equality & diversity

38
Q

Police working practices?

A

Response teams
Specialist roles
pcsos

39
Q

CPS aims & objectives

A

Prosecute
Charge
Prepare

40
Q

CPS philosophy

A

Independence& fair
Honest
Respect
Professional

41
Q

CPS funding

A

Government

42
Q

Judiciary aims

A

Decisions on the law

43
Q

Philosophy of judiciary

A

Loyal to monarch
Equal

44
Q

Prison aims

A

Punisgment
Rehabilitation

45
Q

Prison funding

A

Tax

46
Q

Philosophy of prisons

A

Duty of care
Humanity

47
Q

Probation aims

A

Rehabiltiation
Support

48
Q

Probation philosophy

A

Believe in ability to change
Social justice, inclusion, equality &diversity
Victim rights
Professional

49
Q

Funding probation

A

Tax

50
Q

What’s CPTED

A

Crime prevention through environmental design

51
Q

Examples of CPTED

A

More street lights
Gated alleyways
Lack of hiding spaces
Lower bushes

52
Q

Prison design?

A

Panopticon (all seeing) shape
Tower at centre which allows all cells in view
Visibility trap

53
Q

Behavioural tactics

A

Token economy

54
Q

Institutional tactics

A

Cautions
Privileges tkmaken
Money stipped
Cellular confinement

55
Q

What are the limitations of achieving social control

A

Recidivism - SLT
legal barriers- Marxism
Access to resources
Finance
Local and national policies
Environment- Marxism
Moral imperatives- functionalism

56
Q

Strengths of the Police

A

Have a police and crime commission-ensures services are running smoothly and holds forces accountable for their actions.

57
Q

Weaknesses of the police

A

Institutional racism-Stephen Lawrence
Gun licensing-Puppy farm murders
Honey-trap- Colin Stagg

Examples of weaknesses in the police system.

58
Q

Strengths of the CPS

A

Full code test-maintains consistency
Independent from the police-no bias to prosecute cases

59
Q

Weaknesses of the CPS

A

Funding- many cases going unprosecuted or taking too long to be
Tests being inappropriately applied-Damilola Taylor

Examples of weaknesses in the CPS.

60
Q

Strengths of the Judiciary

A

Can choose sentences (as long as guidelines are followed)
Magistrates don’t have to rely upon a jury to give a verdict
Juries in general- 12 opinions rather than one
seen as fair

61
Q

Weaknesses of the Judiciary

A

Increasing number of appeals against lenient sentences
Inappropriate comments leading to unsuitable sentences
Jury Bias- R v Owen

Examples of weaknesses in the Judiciary.

62
Q

Strengths of Prisons

A

Protects the public by incapacitating offenders
Acts as both an individual and general deterrent

63
Q

Weaknesses of prisons

A

Recidivism rate is high
Prison riots
Overcrowding
Learning from other prisoners- social learning theory
Drugs

Examples of weaknesses in the prison system.

64
Q

Strengths of the probation service

A

Deters offenders from reoffending whilst they are on probation
Curfews act as a way to protect the public during these times

65
Q

Weaknesses of the probation service

A

Too many prisoners were released without somewhere to live
Only 1 in 98 prisoners receive a mentor
Partial privatization means the government adequately supervise the service

Examples of weaknesses in the probation service.

crim unit 4 (2 decks)

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