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crim 100 > crim quiz 1 > Flashcards

crim quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main data sources?

A

Uniform crime report survey (Collates and aggregates all police data) , General Society survey, Self Report survey

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2
Q

Approximately how much of crime is dark figure?

A

Aprox 2/3

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3
Q

What are some issues with the uniform crime report survey?

A

Dark Figure, Perception of police effectiveness, fear of reporting/shame of reporting(makes more dark fig), did not know it was a crime, missing data, counting inconsistencies

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4
Q

What is the general society survey?

A

Survey for canadian safety, every 5 yrs, only national self report survey, publicly available

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5
Q

Issues with the GSS

A

Under and over reporting, neglected crime types, lack of frequency

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6
Q

What are self report surveys

A

Reporting own violations to law in survey, anonymous, made to measure dark fig crime, targeted at non serious offenders

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7
Q

what are the media portrayals of crime?

A

Legacy media (traditional print, visual and sound media), New media (digital outlets, blogs, social media, games),

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8
Q

What are Criminological fields of crime and media

A

Cultural Criminology (Role of culture in creation of crime), Critical criminology ( Power and state with designation of using labels), Media Criminology ( Media and Crime)

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9
Q

Crime in the news

A

Made for entertainment, straightforward stories, short term solution

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10
Q

Problem frame

A

Easy to understand narrative, extraordinary event, affects many, clear solution

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11
Q

Media portrayals of bad guys, good guys

A

Bad guys ( Stereotyped, seen as deviant), Good guys ( heroes, darker side not shown, false sense of effectiveness.

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12
Q

Media portrayal of a victim

A

Weak, going about their day, blameless,unrelated to offender, submissive

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13
Q

what is sousveillance?

A

Citizens or witnesses recording an incident to hold an organization accountable

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14
Q

Crime as a social construction

A

Volatility of punishable behavior, utility of typologies

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15
Q

Typology criteria

A

Victim-offender relationship, offender characteristics, victim characteristics, motivation

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16
Q

Typologies are

A

Knowledge organizations, focus inquiry and study

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17
Q

Broad classification scheme

A

Violent crime ( homicide, s.a, assault, robbery), Property crime, theft/ identity theft

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18
Q

Crimes of morality and public disorder

A

prostitution and drug use, Hate crimes

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19
Q

What crime counts do

A

Measure volume and lvl of aggregation. But it is a raw estimate

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20
Q

What are crime rates

A

Crime count in (x/population in x) x 100,000, made to measure risk, has trouble with small populations

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21
Q

What are crime indexes

A

Composite measures, measures both frequency and seriousness and weighs the offences by seriousness,

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22
Q

What is a time series

A

Longitudinal view, frequency of observations, line graphs, association of variables across time

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23
Q

What is a cross sectional

A

Snapshot of an area, only a length of an observed period, assosciation of variables across jurisdictions

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24
Q

What is a trend

A

Direction of change

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25
Q

What is a pattern

A

Logical arrangement, order or sequence

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26
Q

Crime pattern examples

A

Crime series

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27
Q

What is social construction

A

constructing reality by assigning meaning to things, Criminalization vs decriminalization

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28
Q

What are suretes 4 steps in social construction

A

The physical world, competing constructions, media is an arena for social construction, winning social construction

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29
Q

Suretes indicator in copy cat crime

A

Time order, time proximity, theme consistency, scene specificity, repetitive viewing, self-editing, offender statements, second-party statements

30
Q

News making in criminology

A

Criminologist contribute to media narrative

31
Q

What are moral panics

A

Moral panics introduced by young (1971) popularized by cohen (1972).
Focuses on how society pays attention and reacts to specific issues/behavior, demonization of group held responsible

32
Q

Theories of moral panic

A

Grassroot theory ( school shootings are moral panics), Interest group theory ( raise awareness bigger than event, tamper w stats), Elite engineered theory ( groups in society they want to distract, pay attention to THIS not THAT)

33
Q

Goode and ben yuhvada moral panic criteria

A

concern, hostility, consensus, disproportionally, violatility

34
Q

Jewkes 5 features of moral panic

A

Ordinary event presented as extraordinary, deviancy amplification, delimitation of society’s morals, underlying social anxieties in context of rapid social change, targets young people

35
Q

Fear of crime and cultivation theory

A

Fear of crime impacts sense of safety, fear of crime is higher than crime rates, the more media you watch the higher your perception of crime is

36
Q

Early sources of law

A

Magna Carta(1215), company of new france, battle of plains, royal proclamation(1763), quebec act(1774), Constitution act( 1791), act of union(1849), British north american act (1867)

37
Q

Conceptual divisions of law

A

International law ( mediated by U.N, global theatres, every country who signs is under international law)

38
Q

Domestic laws

A

Substantive law(sentences) vs procedural law(how we respond)

Private law vs public (affects public)

39
Q

Influences/sources of canada law

A

british,french,us influence, principle influences( legislation and case law), subsidiary influences (custom and books of authority)

40
Q

Forces shaping policing

A

limited police abilities to prevent/control crime, instead of crime fighting make services to crime prevent, make strategies like community policing, proactive policing, problem oriented policing

41
Q

growth of private security

A

protection of mass property, surveillance, development of technological solutions

42
Q

Tech advancement

A

Impact on patrol officers(labtops), manage info easier/quicker

43
Q

Origins of policing in canada

A

Sir robert peel’s principles, roots in english models

44
Q

Lvls of policing

A

Federal, provincial, municipal, regional, first nations

45
Q

private policing

A

3 private officers to every 2 public officers, less training and experience for the job, complaint system

46
Q

concerns on private policing

A

Violation of individual rights, making security a commodity, blurring public policing, increased surveillance

47
Q

Charter

A

highest law in the land, place limit on govt power, defines rights

48
Q

Offences

A

summary, indictable and hybrid.

49
Q

Element of crime

A

actus rea(the act), mens rea(intent)

50
Q

Policing

A

only agency aloud to use force, embraces military chain of command

51
Q

Evolution of policing

A

Fueled and shaped by transformation of policing, they are tasked w protection, order, peace, assistance. Policing: individuals mitigating and preventing threats

52
Q

Corrections

A

balance between rehabilitation and public safety,

53
Q

Canadas prison system

A

Administered by federal and prov/territorial gov’t. Small percent of offenders are taken into custody. Jail is last resort. Federal takes high risk, prov/terr takes low

54
Q

Prison population

A

gangs, mental illness, addiction problems, overrepresentation of aboriginal

55
Q

Aboriginal inmates

A

17 % of inmates vs 4% of canadians. Mistreated as high risk and sent to higher security facilities, w less programs

56
Q

Mentally ill inmates

A

more prone to suicide, management challenges, higher risk to self and others

57
Q

drugs in prison

A

spread diseases, hard reduction programs in prison, overdose

58
Q

programs in prison

A

among best in world, not all inmates have access to programs or resources, addresses living skills, violence prevention, substance abuse, family violence

59
Q

neoclassical approaches

A

environmental criminology, Crime prevention through environmental design design

60
Q

research methods

A

quantitative, qualitative, mixed method

61
Q

Data sources

A

national data(criminal justice data, health data), international data( world health organization, U.N), Survey data(G.S.S), Other(Observation)

62
Q

innovative approaches to crim

A

Life course development theory, geographic profiling, dna profiling, critical criminology. Origins in : physc, geography, chemistry, sociology

63
Q

Difference of law based on background

A

Historian=importance of law
Phycologist=harm to the individual
Economist=cost of situation

64
Q

Criminology vs criminal justice

A

Criminology=theories of crime

Criminal justice=justice system

65
Q

why do criminologist study

A

For explanations of decreases and increases in crime, playing w variables.

66
Q

Sociological approaches

A

Focus on social order, how is crime defined? view crime as form of deviance.

67
Q

Anomie theory

A

Doesn’t matter who u knock down just has to benefit you

68
Q

Social control theory

A

What prevents people from engaging in crime. Ex social bonds

69
Q

Labelling theory

A

how are people defined as criminal or deviant, how and why are they assigned

70
Q

critical theories

A

Current explanations( gender needs to be taken account of crime), Certain groups have more power than others. big group want to oppress little group.

71
Q

psychological approaches

A

Focuses on the individual, assessment of treatment and rehabilitation

72
Q

Biological approaches

A

Early explorations, phased off, chance of crime based of your biological traits

crim 100 (1 decks)

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