Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CRIBS MS-2 > CRIBS Physio/Path > Flashcards

CRIBS Physio/Path Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for CO?

A

CO= HR x SV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Fick Principle?

A

CO= rate of O2 consumption/ (arterial O2 - venous O2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 equations for MAP?

A
  1. MAP= CO x TPR

2. MAP= 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

systolic - diastolic

  • our pt’s is 158 - 88= 70 mmHg
  • normal= 40 mmHg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What volume is proportional to pulse pressure?

A

Stroke Volume

*SV= EDV - ESV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is ejection fraction?

A 
EF= SV/EDV -OR-  
EF= (EDV-ESV)/EDV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

** What is Laplace’s Law of wall TENSION for cardiac vessels (cylindrical) and for alveolar (spherical), respectively?

A
  • CARDIAC (cylindrical): wall tension= pressure x radius
  • aka the larger the vessel radius, the larger the wall tension must be in order to withstand a given internal fluid pressure.

ALVEOLAR (spherical): collapsing pressure = 2(tension)/radius
*surfactant reduces surface tension (aka decreases collapsing pressure).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

*** What is Laplace’s Law of wall STRESS?

A

wall stress= (pressure x radius)/(2 x wall thickness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is inversely proportional to pulse pressure?

A
  • arterial compliance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What part of the respiratory tree participates in gas exchange?

A
  • respiratory bronchioles and alveolar air sacs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does fluid enter the lung in a pt who is supine?

A
  • posterior segment of right upper lobe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does fluid enter the lung in a pt who is standing upright?

A
  • basal segments of right lower lobe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does the common carotid biFOURcate?

A
  • C4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the trachea biFOURcate?

A
  • T4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta biFOURcate?

A
  • L4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is normal tidal volume?

A
  • 500 mL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the equation of physiologic dead space of conduction airways?

A
  • VT x (PaCO2- PECO2)/ PaCO2
  • Taco, Paco, Peco, Paco
  • VT= tidal volume
18
Q

What is Minute ventilation (VE)?

A
  • total volume of gas entering lungs per minute (VE= VT x RR).
  • VT= tidal volume
  • RR= respiratory rate (12-20 breaths per minute)
19
Q

With what is chronic HTN associated?

A
  • Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysms= subarachnoid hemorrhage
20
Q

How do B-blockers work?

A
  • B-receptor is a Gs protein-coupled receptor linked to cAMP. B-blockers will decrease cAMP and PKA, thus decreasing Na+ and Ca2+ current, and decreasing the slope of phase 4 and phase 0, thus decreasing AV node conduction.
21
Q

What are the side effects of statins?

A
  • hyopathy and hepatitis
22
Q

To what is blood flow directly proportional?

A

(vessel radius)^4

23
Q

What is inversely proportional to (vessel radius)^4?

A

resistance

24
Q

What is the equation for flow?

A
  • (P1-P2)/R

* R=nL/(r^4)

25
Q

What is a rare and serious ADR of ACE inhibitors?

A
  • ANGIOEDEMA due to increased bradykinin, which increases vascular permeability leading to tongue, lips, or eyelid swelling.
26
Q

What is normal right ventricular pressure?

A
  • 25/5
27
Q

What is normal pulmonary artery pressure?

A
  • 25/10
28
Q

What is normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and what does this reflect?

A

10

*reflects LVDP

29
Q

Where do you place a chest tube?

A
  • 4th or 5th intercostal space along midaxillary line
30
Q

What happens in the lung when you have a decrease in PAO2 (alveolar O2)?

A
  • shunting of blood (vasoconstriction) away form hypoxic areas and toward well-ventilated regions of the lung; unique to lung
31
Q

What does pulse oximeter read and how?

A
  • the percentage of Hb in the blood that is saturated with Oxygen. It does this via 2 wavelengths of light through the finger to a photodetector. It measures the changing absorbance at each of the wavelengths, allowing it to determine the absorbances due to the pulsing arterial blood alone.
32
Q

How many Hb molecules are found in one RBC?

A
  • 250 million and each hemoglobin molecule can bind 4 O2 molecules= 1 billion O2 molecules per RBC.
33
Q

What would be our patient’s A-a gradient with opioid use, leading to respiratory depression?

A
  • result is HYPOVENTILATION, which would lead to a NORMAL A-a gradient. The only other situation we would see a normal A-a gradient is in high altitude.
  • normal A-a gradient= 5-15 mm Hg bc 105-100= 5
34
Q

What could cause an increased A-a gradient?

A
  • V/Q mismatch (airway obstruction= shunt due to vasoconstriction away from hypoxic area. giving O2 doesn’t help here bc there is an airway obstruction so the O2 won’t get to the alveoli anyway; or blood flow obstruction= physiologic dead space).
  • Difffusion limitation (ex. fibrosis)
  • R to L shunt
35
Q

Is hemoglobin in the relaxed or taut form in the lungs?

A
  • relaxed, and has high affinity for O2.

* remember it’s taut in tissues.

36
Q

What is the response of normal PERIPHERAL chemoreceptors (carotid and aortic bodies)?

A
  • sense decreased PO2 (less than 60 mm Hg), increased PCO2, and increased H+. This leads to vasodilation and increased cerebral blood flow and increased RR to blow off excess CO2.
37
Q

What 4 herniation syndromes could occur with a supratentorial hematoma?

A
  • Cingulate= compresses anterior cerebral artery.
  • Transtentorial= caudal displacement of brain stem, leading to duret hemorrhages.
  • Uncal= compresses ipsilateral CN 3 (down and out gaze) or PCA (contralateral homonymous hemianopia).
  • Cerebellar tonsillar= coma and death with brain stem compression.
38
Q

What do upper motor signs show?

A
  • everything up (tone, DTRs, toes; Babinski).
39
Q

What is Wernicke aphasia?

A
  • Wernicke is wordy, but makes no sense. Superior temporal lobe of gyrus. Comprehension is impaired but speech is fluent.
40
Q

What sensore and motor areas would be affected with a sub-parietal hematoma?

A
  • upper limb and face, contralateral paralysis and sensory loss.
41
Q

What is Gerstmann syndrome?

A
  • dominant parietal cortex lesion leading to agraphia, acalculia, and finger agnosia, left-right disorientation.
42
Q

What are the 3 classes of shock?

A
  1. hypovolemic= preload problem (hemorrhage or dehydration).
  2. cardiogenic/obstructive= contractility problem (MI, arrhythmia; pneumothorax, PE, cardiac tamponade)
  3. septic/anaphylactic/neurogenic= afterload problem

CRIBS MS-2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions