CREOG quizzes Flashcards
Omphalocele
ventral wall defect; frequency 1/5000 to 1/10000
Midline defect and the abdominal contents are covered by a membrane. The umbilical cord inserts to the base of the defect (gastroschisis is to the right of the midline)
Omphalocele has worse prognosis, 50% are assoc. with major anatomic or genetic anomalies. karyotype is indicated
Anencephaly
Open NTD; Frequency: 1 in 1000
Possible teratogens: folic acid deficiency, heat, irradiation, alcohol abuse, aminopterin, valproic acid, maternal obesity.
Recurrence risk :2-3%; it can be reduced 60% if 4 mg of folic acid are taken during pregnancy
Low risk women should take 0.4 mg folic acid
NTDs
Occur in 1 to 2 pregnancies per 1000 in the US; 50-55% are spina bifida, 45-50% anencephaly, <5% encephaloceles
Ultrasound findings of spina bifida:
-lemon sign (90% of cases less than 24 wks)
-banana sign
-ventriculomegaly
Cystic hygroma
It is caused by failure of the lymphatic system to establish proper connection to the jugular venous system. It is most commonly associated with 45, X (turner syndrome).
If associated with fetal hydrops prognosis is very poor.
Recurrence risk <1%
Echogenic bowel
- Cystic fibrosis
- Congenital CMV
- Down syndrome
- Aspiration of Blood
- *When this is found pt should be offered amniocentesis.
Duodenal atresia
Double bubble sign and polyhydramnios
**Pt should be offered amniocentesis
Placental Abruption
RF: HTN, uterine anomalies, smoking, high parity, increased maternal age, PPROM, trauma, multiple gestation
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
DDx: Pancreatitis, PUD, hepatitis, cholelithiasis, hyperthyroidism
Eduardo Porro
performed the 1st cesarean hysterectomy where both the mother and infant survived in 1878
Kerr incision
low transverse uterine incision;
Moderator Band
thickening of the interventricular septum at the level of the apex;
Holoprosencephaly
Abnormality of the embryonic forebrain; 3 forms:
- Alobar- worst prognosis
- lobar- best prognosis
- Semilobar
Piper Forceps
most appropriate instrument for delivery of the after coming head of a breech presentation
Simpson Forceps
better for molded heads
Tucker-Mclean Forceps
better for un-molded heads
Twin peak sign
Di-Di placentation
Kronig incision
low vertical incision
- primarily used when a cesarean hysterectomy is planned or for delivery of a pre-term non-frank breech presentation when the lower uterine segment is poorly developed
Classical incision
should be used for a transverse lie back down as well as lower segment myoma, higher order multiple gestation, fetal anomaly
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung
hamartoma characterized by overgrowth of terminal bronchioles.
Assoc. with polyhydramnios and non-immune hydrops
Chorioangioma
vascular tumor of the placenta; it can cause hydrops fetalis
sacrococcygeal teratoma
differentiated from a neural tube defect by the complex appearance of the tumor and identification of an intact bony vertebral column.
Cx: fetal hydrops
Echogenic intracardiac focus
90% are located in the left ventricle
Thanatophoric Dysplasia
severe skeletal disorder characterized by extremely short limbs and folds of redundant skin on the arms and legs. Other features: narrow chest, short ribs, underdeveloped lungs, enlarged head.
Type I- presence of curved thigh bones and flattened bones of the spine (platyspondyly).
Type II- straight thigh bones and a cloverleaf skull
They result from mutations in FGFR3 gene; autosomal dominant disorder
Tetralogy of Fallot
fx: relatively large R ventricle, large ventricular septal defect, enlarged aortic orifice
