Cremo Venous Electrolytes Flashcards
What are 4 electrolytes that are routinely measured?
Sodium
Potassium
Bicarbonate
Chloride
What are the normal ranges for the following? Sodium Potassium Bicarbonate Chloride
Sodium: (~140mM)
Potassium: (4 mM)
Bicarbonate: (24-30mM) **really total CO2
Chloride: (100mM)
What are the 3 important pieces of information that venous electrolytes provide?
total CO2
Anion Gap
Potassium Concentration
What does an ABG measure? What is a normal range for this?
bicarbonate
22-26mM
Why is the venous electrolyte bicarbonate higher than ABG bicarbonate?
b/c the venous bicarb is really bicarb + CO2 dissolved
What is the equation for the anion gap?
Anion Gap=Na - (Cl + bicarb)
The anion gap changes in parallel to what?
unmeasured anions
What is an example of something that increases the anion gap?
the addition of lactic acid.
This consumes some bicarb.
Lactate is one of the unmeasured anions.
What bicarb measurement is used in rules of thumb calculations?
the ABG one, the true one…
What bicarb measurement is used in the anion gap calculation?
the venous one, the false one that includes dissolved CO2
What is a normal range for the anion gap?
Anion Gap=8-16 OR 12 +/- 4
If you have metabolic acidosis from hypercholoremia–>is this an example of an anion gap acidosis?
NO! the anion gap stayed the same…
What are 3 disorders that account for most cases of anion gap metabolic acidosis?
Ketoacidosis: alcoholic or diabetic
Lactic Acidosis
Renal Failure
What are 2 common causes of lactic acidosis?
Circulatory Failure-Cardiogenic Shock
Sepsis–septic shock
Lactic Acidosis is more common with what condition?
Hypoxia…more lactate needs to be produced…(anaerobic metabolism)
