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English ISM > Credit, banking and financial vocabulary > Flashcards

Credit, banking and financial vocabulary Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Go bankrupt

A

Go bust, go broke

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2
Q

Be sent an invoice

A

To be billed

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3
Q

Nearly go bankrupt

A

The brink of bankruptcy

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4
Q

Delay payment to the people you owe money to

A

Stall

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5
Q

Force the people who owe you money to pay up

A

Put pressure on

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6
Q

Pay in advance

A

Pay up front payment, pre-payment

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7
Q

Making customers dissatisfied or angry

A

To alienate customer

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8
Q

Accept a small loss in order to prevent a big one

A

To cut your looses

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9
Q

Agree to lose money

A

To write it off

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10
Q

An agreement by which a customer can withdraw more from a bank account than has been deposited in it, up to an agreed limit; interest on the debt is calculated daily

A

Overdraft

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11
Q

A card which guarantees payment for goods and services purchased by the cardholder, who pays back the bank or finance company at a later date

A

Credit card

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12
Q

A computerized machine that allows bank customers to withdraw money, check their balance, and so on

A

Cash dispenser (GB) or ATM (automated teller machine) (US)

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13
Q

A fixed sum of money on which interest is paid, lent for a fixed period, and usually for a specific purpose

A

Loan

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14
Q

An instruction to a bank to pay fixed sums of money to certain people or organizations at stated times

A

Standing order or credit debit

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15
Q

A loan, usually to buy property, which serves as a security for the loan

A

Mortgage

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16
Q

A plastic card issued to bank customers for use in cash dispensers

A

Cash card

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17
Q

Doing banking transactions by telephone or from one’s own personal computer

A

Home banking

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18
Q

One that generally pays little or no interest, but allows the holder to withdraw his or her cash without any restrictions

A

Current account (GB) or checking account (US)

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19
Q

One that pays interest, but usually cannot be used for paying cheques (GB) or checks (US), and on which notice is often required to withdraw money

A

Deposit account (GB) or time or notice account (US)

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20
Q

To place money in a bank; or money placed in a bank

A

Deposit

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21
Q

The money used in countries other than one’s own

A

Foreign currencies

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22
Q

How much money a loan pays, expressed as a percentage

A

Yield, interest rate

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23
Q

Available cash, and how easily other assets can be turned into cash

A

Liquidity

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24
Q

The date when a loan becomes repayable

A

Maturity date

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25
Q

To guarantee to buy all the new shares that a company issues, if they cannot be sold to the public

A

Underwrite

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26
Q

When a company buys or acquires another one

A

Takeover

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27
Q

When a company combines with another one

A

Merger

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28
Q

Buying and selling stocks or shares for clients

A

Stockbroking

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29
Q

Taking care of all a client’s investments

A

Financial portfolio management

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30
Q

The ending or relaxing of legal restrictions

A

Deregulation

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31
Q

A group of companies, operating in different fields, that have joined together

A

Conglomerate

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32
Q

A company considered to be without risk

A

Blue chip

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33
Q

Ability to pay liabilities when they become due

A

Solvency

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34
Q

Anything that acts as a security or a guarantee for a loan

A

Collateral

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35
Q

Money to carry on production and keep trading

A

Working capital

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36
Q

Money a company has raised from investors who bought shares

A

Share capital

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37
Q

Money invested in a project with a high chance of failure

A

Risk capital

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38
Q

Money a company borrows to start up a new business

A

Venture capital

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39
Q

The perceived value of people and their skills

A

Human capital

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40
Q

Cancel a bad debt or a worthless asset from an account

A

To write off

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41
Q

Estimates of people’s ability to fulfill their financial commitments

A

Credit ranking

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42
Q

Failure to repay a loan

A

Default

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43
Q

The money generated by an investment

A

Cash flow

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44
Q

With property or another asset used as a guarantee of payment

A

Collateralize

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45
Q

Money in notes and coins

A

Cash

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46
Q

Money borrowed from a bank

A

A loan

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47
Q

Borrowed money that has to be paid back

A

A debt

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48
Q

All the money received by a person or a company

A

Income

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49
Q

The money earned for a week’s manual work

A

Wages

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50
Q

The money paid for a month’s (professional) work

A

A salary

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51
Q

Money placed in banks and other savings institutions

A

Deposits

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52
Q

Money paid by the government or a company to a retired person

A

A pension

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53
Q

Place where the money that will ultimately be used to pay pensions is kept

A

A fund

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54
Q

The money needed to start a company

A

Capital

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55
Q

The money paid to lawyers, architects, private schools, etc.

A

Fees

56
Q

Regular part payments of debts

A

Instalments

57
Q

Part of payment that is officially given back (for example, from taxes)

A

A rebate

58
Q

Place where estimated expenditure and income is written in

A

A statement

59
Q

A person’s money in a business

A

Stake

60
Q

Money given to producers to allow them to sell cheaply

A

A subsidy

61
Q

Money given to developing countries by richer ones

A

Aid

62
Q

Possess something

A

Own

63
Q

To reimburse or repay someone

A

Owe

64
Q

To let someone else have the use of your money for a certain period of time, after which it must be paid back

A

To lend

65
Q

To take money that has to be repaid

A

To borrow

66
Q

An amount of money lent

A

A loan

67
Q

A person who has borrowed money

A

A debtor

68
Q

A lender

A

A creditor

69
Q

The income received by someone who lends money

A

interest

70
Q

The borrower has to pay back the loan itself

A

The principal

71
Q

The amount of money a lender receives for a loan or an investment, expressed as a percentage

A

Return/ yield

72
Q

The process when financial assets like mortgages which produce a cash flow are pooled (grouped together) and converted into securities that are then sold to investors

A

Securitization

73
Q

A ridiculous level

A

A fever pitch

74
Q

To cut drastically

A

To slash off

75
Q

Fiercely competitive

A

A cut-throat struggle

76
Q

Took 40c off

A

Knock 40c off

77
Q

Major companies

A

The corporate heavyweights

78
Q

Total sales before costs are deducted

A

A turnover

79
Q

Profit margin

A

A mark-up

80
Q

Pay a lot of money for

A

To spend a fortune for

81
Q

Official value of an asset

A

Book value

82
Q

Extra income

A

Additional revenue

83
Q

Severe measures against law-breakers

A

A crackdown

84
Q

Goods used shortly after purchase such as food, newspappers, etc.

A

Non-durables

85
Q

Goods which last a long time such as cars, televisions, etc.

A

Durables

86
Q

Laws to defend buyers against unfair trading

A

Customer protection

87
Q

Market study of buyer behavior patterns

A

Research

88
Q

Description of a typical buyer according to age, sex, social status, etc.

A

Profile

89
Q

A financial operating plan showing expected income and expenditure

A

Budget

90
Q

Anything owned by a business - cash, buildings, machines, equipment, etc.

A

Assets

91
Q

All the money that a company will have to pay to someone else in the future, including debts, taxes and interest payments

A

Liabilities

92
Q

An entry in an account, recording a payment made

A

Debit

93
Q

An entry in an account, recording a payment received

A

Credit

94
Q

Something without a material existence, which you can’t touch

A

Intangible

95
Q

A liability which has been incurred but not yet invoiced to the company

A

Accrued liability

96
Q

Delayed or postponed until a later time

A

Deferred

97
Q

Calculating all the expenses involved in producing something, including materials, labor, and all other expenses

A

Cost accounting

98
Q

Calculating how much an individual or a company will have to pay to the local and national governments (and trying to reduce this to a minimum)

A

Tax accounting

99
Q

Inspecting and reporting on accounts and financial records

A

Auditing

100
Q

Preparing financial statements showing income and expenditure, assets and liabilities

A

Accounting

101
Q

Providing information that will allow a business to make decisions, plan future operations and develop business strategies

A

Managerial or management accounting

102
Q

Using all available accounting procedures and tricks to disguise the true financial position of a company

A

“Creative accounting”

103
Q

Writing down the details of transactions (debits and credits)

A

Bookkeeping

104
Q

A statement giving details of money coming into and leaving the business, divided into day-to-day operations, investing and financing

A

Cash flow statement

105
Q

A statement showing the difference between the revenues and expenses of a period

A

Income statement

106
Q

A statement showing the value of a business’s assets, its liabilities, and its capital or shareholder’s equity (money the business has that belongs to its owner)

A

Balance sheet

107
Q

All the money belonging to the company’s owners

A

Shareholder’s equity

108
Q

Assets whose value can only be turned into cash with difficulty (e.g. reputation, patents, trade marks, etc.)

A

Intangibles

109
Q

Capital that shareholders have contributed to the company above the nominal or par value of the stock

A

Additional paid-in capital

110
Q

Expenses such as wages, taxes and interest that have not yet been paid at the date of the balance sheet

A

Accrued expenses

111
Q

Money owed by customers for goods or services purchased on credit

A

Total receivables

112
Q

Money owed to suppliers for purchases made on credit

A

Accounts payable

113
Q

Money paid in advance for goods and services

A

Prepaid expenses

114
Q

Profits that have not been distributed to shareholders

A

Retained earning

115
Q

Tangible assets such as offices, machines, etc.

A

Equipment

116
Q

The difference between the purchase price of acquired companies and their net tangible assets

A

Goodwill

117
Q

The total amount of money owed that the company will have to pay out

A

Total liabilities

118
Q

A fund that exactly follows the movement of an index

A

A tracker fund

119
Q

A high risk corporate bond

A

Junk bond

120
Q

Having a second position in a market, so that it the market moves against your first position your losses are minimized

A

Hedging

121
Q

Financial institution used by large companies to issue bonds, buy and sell currencies, manage their portfolio of shares in other companies, and advice on any potential merger or acquisition

A

An investment bank

122
Q

Financial institution used to save money during your working life and then have income during retirement

A

A pension fund

123
Q

Financial institution used by private investors to hold a basket of stocks

A

A mutual fund

124
Q

Financial institution used to protects yourself against risks (money is paid out if something bad happens)

A

An insurance company

125
Q

Financial institution used to generate an income for non-commercial purposes, in particular to run a university or provide for charity

A

An endowment

126
Q

How sensitive a company’s sales are to changes in the price of its products

A

Price elasticity

127
Q

How much money is needed to run this type of business

A

Capital requirements

128
Q

Whether other companies could offer a similar product

A

Ease of substitution

129
Q

How much market share a company has, and whether it has strong products in different segments of the marker

A

Market penetration

130
Q

Contracts giving the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security, a currency, or a commodity at a fixed price during a certain period of time

A

Options

131
Q

Contracts to buy or sell fixed quantities of a commodity, currency, or financial asset at a future date, at a price fixed at the time of making the contract

A

Futures

132
Q

A general name for all financial instruments whose price depends on the movement of another price

A

Derivatives

133
Q

Buying securities or other assets in the hope of making a capital gain by selling them at a higher price (or selling them in the hope of buying them back at a lower price)

A

Speculation

134
Q

making contracts to by or sell a commodity or financial assets at a pre-arranged price in the future as a protection or ‘insurance’ against price changes

A

Hedging

135
Q

Raw materials or primary products (metals, cereals, coffee, etc.) that are traded on special markets

A

Commodities

English ISM (4 decks)

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