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C.R.E.D. test Flashcards

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1
Q

What organs make up the circulatory system?

A

heart, a series of blood vessels, blood

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2
Q

superior vena cava

A

large vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium

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3
Q

pulmonary veins

A

bring oxygen-rich blood from each of the lungs to the left atrium

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4
Q

pulmonary valve

A

prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has entered the pulmonary artery

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5
Q

tricuspid valve

A

prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium after it has entered the right ventricle

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6
Q

inferior vena cava

A

vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower part of the body to the left atrium

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7
Q

aorta

A

brings oxygen -rich blood from the left ventricle to the body

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8
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

bring oxygen-poor blood to the right or left lung

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9
Q

aortic valve

A

prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after it has entered the aorta

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10
Q

mitral valve

A

prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium after it has entered the left ventricle

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11
Q

myocardium

A

thick layer of muscle that pumps blood

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12
Q

atrium

A

the upper chamber that recieves blood

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13
Q

ventricle

A

the lower chamber that pumps blood out of the heart

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14
Q

pulmonary circuation

A

right side; the pathway from the heart to the lungs

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15
Q

systemic circulation

A

from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body

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16
Q

valves

A

flaps of connective tissue between the atria and the ventricles

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17
Q

pacemaker

A

cells that start the wave of muscle contractions

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18
Q

aorta

A

large blood vessel; first of a series of blood vessels that carry blood through the body and back to the heart

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19
Q

what are the three types of blood vessels?

A

arteries, capillaries, and veins

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20
Q

arteries

A

large vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues of the body; except for pulmonary arteries, all arteries carry oxygen rich blood

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21
Q

capillaries

A

smallest of the blood vessels; the bring nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbing carbon dioxide and other waste products from them

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22
Q

veins

A

blood vessels that bring blood back to the heart once it has gone through the capillary system

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23
Q

atherosclerosis

A

condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of arteries

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24
Q

plasma

A

straw colored fluid

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25
Q

hemoglobin

A

iron-contianing protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body where the oxygen is rleased

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26
Q

what do red blood cells do?

A

transport oxygen

27
Q

what do white blood cells do?

A

guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria

28
Q

what makes blood clotting possible?

A

plasma proteins and ell fragments called platelets

29
Q

What is the basic function performed by the human respiratory system?

A

to bring about the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood, the air, and tissues

30
Q

pharynx

A

the throat; serves as a passageway for both air and food

31
Q

trachea

A

windpipe; air moves from the pharynx into the trachea

32
Q

what makes up the respiratory system?

A

nose, mouth, epiglottis, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lung, bronchus, bronchioles, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, capillaries, alveoli, diaphragm, edge of pleural membrane

33
Q

larynx

A

contains two highly elastic folds of tissue known as the vocal chords

34
Q

bronchi

A

two large passageways that lead to the lungs

35
Q

alveoli

A

tiny air sacs

36
Q

what is the process of gas exchange?

A

oxygen dissolves in the moisture on the inner surface of the alveoli and then diffuses across the thin-walled capillaries into the blood. Carbon dioxide in the bloodstream diffuses in the opposite direction, across the membrane of an alveolus and into the air within it.

37
Q

diaghpragm

A

a large, flat muscle that helps you breath

38
Q

does the body sense a need for oxygen?

A

only when there is a lot of cabon dioxide. it only senses carbon dioxide.

39
Q

nicotine

A

a stimulant drug that increases the heart rate and blood pressure.

40
Q

what can smoking cause?

A

respiratoy diseases such a chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer

41
Q

emphysema

A

the loss of elasticity in the tissues of the lungs

42
Q

what makes up the digestive system?

A

the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. also includes the salivary glands, the pancreas, and the liver

43
Q

what is the function of the digestive system?

A

to help convert foods into simpler molecules that can be used by the cells of the body

44
Q

amylase

A

an enzyme that breaks the chemical bonds in starches and releases sugars.

45
Q

esophagus

A

a food tube that leads to the stomach

46
Q

bolus

A

chewed clump of food

47
Q

peristalis

A

contractions that squeeze food through the esophagus into the stomach

48
Q

stomach

A

a large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of the food

49
Q

chyme

A

a mixture of stomach fluids and foods

50
Q

small intestine

A

most of the chemical digestion and absorbtion of the food takes place here

51
Q

pancreas

A

a gland that produces hormones that regulate blood sugar levels, it produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, it also neutrilizes stomach acid so that the enzymes can be effecive

52
Q

large intestine

A

removes water from the undigested material that is left

53
Q

how do kidneys maintain homeostasis?

A

they remove waste products from the blood; maintin blood pH; and regulate the water content of the blood and , therefore blood volume

54
Q

kidneys

A

located on either side of the spinal column near the lower back

55
Q

ureter

A

carries urine to the urinary bladder

56
Q

urinary bladder

A

a saclike organ where urine is stored before being exreted

57
Q

nephrons

A

a small, independent processing unit

58
Q

what happens in the nephrons?

A

as blood enters a nephron through the arteriole, impurities are filtered out and emptied into the collecting duct. the purified blood exits the nephron through the venule.

59
Q

filtration

A

passing a liquid or gas through a filter to remove wastes

60
Q

glomerolus

A

a small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of nephron

61
Q

bowman’s capsule

A

hollow, cup shaped structure

62
Q

reabsorbtion

A

the process in which a liquid is taken back into a vessel

63
Q

loop of Henle

A

a section of the nephron tubule in which water is conserved and the volume of urine minimized

64
Q

urethra

A

urine is released from the body through this tube

Biology (7 decks)

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