Create Azure App Service Web Apps Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of App Service apps?

A

Web Apps, API Apps, and Mobile Apps

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2
Q

What’s needed to run an App Service app?

A

An App Service Plan

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3
Q

What does an App Service Plan define?

A

A set of compute resources

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4
Q

Can you run more than one app using an App Service Plan?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Apart from apps, what else can be run using an App Service Plan?

A

Functions

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6
Q

What things does an App Service Plan define?

A

Region, Number of VM Instances, Size of VM Instances, Pricing Tier

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7
Q

What App Service Plan pricing tiers used resource pools shared with other customers?

A

Free and Shared

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8
Q

What App Service Plan pricing tiers use dedicated compute resources, but in non-dedicated virtual networks?

A

Basic, Standard, Premium, Premium V2, Premium V3

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9
Q

For what activities should you use the Free and Shared App Service tiers?

A

Development and Testing

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10
Q

What App Service tier would you use if you wanted to run apps on dedicated compute resource inside dedicated virtual networks?

A

Isolated

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11
Q

What type of apps are supported in the App Service Consumption tier?

A

Function Apps

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12
Q

How many VM instances are used in the Free and Shared App Service tiers?

A

One

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13
Q

On which VM instances does an app run in a service plan?

A

All of the instances

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14
Q

Can you have more than one app in a service plan?

A

Yes

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15
Q

On which VM instances does an app in a deployment slot run?

A

All of the instances

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16
Q

In an App Service Plan, where are diagnostic logging activities, backups and WebJobs run?

A

The same VM instances as the apps

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17
Q

What is the “scale unit” of an App Service app?

A

The App Service plan

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18
Q

If an App Service Plan is configured to run on five VM instances, on how many instances will each app in the plan run?

A

Each app will run on all five instances

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19
Q

If an App Service Plan autoscales due to the demands place on a single app, how does this affect the other apps using the plan?

A

All of the apps are scaled out in the same way

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20
Q

How could you improve the performance of a single App?

A

You could run the app in its own App Service Plan

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21
Q

When should you isolate an app into its own App Service Plan?

A

When: the app is resource intensive, needs to be scaled differently to other apps, it needs resources located in a different geographical region

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22
Q

What types of deployment models does App Service support?

A

Automated and Manual

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23
Q

Does Azure support automated deployment directly from GitHub?

A

Yes

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24
Q

What common repository offers, amongst others, can be used for automatic deployment?

A

Azure DevOps, GitHub, and BitBucket

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25
Q

What options are available for manually deploying Apps?

A

Git, CLI, ZIP deploy, and FTP/S

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26
Q

What CLI command could you use to manually deploy an app?

A

The webapp up feature of the az CLI. This feature packages an app and deploys it.

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27
Q

Can you use the webapp up feature to create a new App Service web app?

A

Yes. If one doesn’t already exist.

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28
Q

What protocol is used when using ZIP deploy.

A

HTTP/S

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29
Q

How does using deployment slots eliminate downtime?

A

The swap operation warms up worker instances to match production scale.

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30
Q

What’s the easiest way to add authentication to web apps, APIs, mobile back-ends, and functions?

A

By using the App Service built-in authentication and authorization support

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31
Q

Does Azure App Service allow you to integrate auth. capabilities without you implementing them yourself?

A

Yes

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32
Q

What third-party is used to manage user identities and the authentication flow?

A

App Service used third-party identity providers

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33
Q

What’s the sign-in endpoint for Microsoft Identity Platform?

A

/.auth/login/add

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34
Q

Where does the built-in authentication and authorization module run?

A

In the same sandbox as your application code

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35
Q

What does the built-in auth. module handle?

A
  • Authenticates users with the specified provider
  • Validates, stores, and refreshes tokens
  • Manages the authenticated session
  • Injects identity information into request headers
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36
Q

How is the built-in auth. module configured?

A

Using app settings

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37
Q

What changes to your code are required to use the built-in auth. module?

A

None

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38
Q

For Linux and containers, where does the built-in auth. module run?

A

A separate container, isolated from your application code.

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39
Q

In what type of environment would you use Server-Directed Flow or Server Flow?

A

Typically in a browser app. The application delegates the sign-in to App Service.

The browser can the present the provider’s login page to the user.

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40
Q

In what type of environment would you use Client-Directed Flow or Client Flow?

A

In a browser-less app, such as a mobile app, REST APIs, Azure Functions, and JavaScript browser apps.

The application signs into the provide manually and submits the authentication token to App Service for validation.

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41
Q

Does this table show the authentication steps for Server-Directed and Client-Directed flows?

A

Yes

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42
Q

What are the two behaviours supported for non-authenticated requests received by the built-in auth. module?

A

Allow Unauthenticated Requests - defers authorization to the application code. For authenticated requests, authentication information is included in the request headers.

Require Authentication - Rejects all unauthenticated traffic to your application.

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43
Q

What actions are available when rejecting unauthenticated requests using the built-in auth. module?

A
  • Redirect to one of the configured identity providers
  • Return a HTTP 401 Unauthorized response to native mobile apps
  • Return a HTTP 401 Unauthorized or HTTP 403 Forbidden response for all requests
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44
Q

By default, are apps hosted in an App Service accessible over the Internet?

A

Yes

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45
Q

By default, can apps hosted in an App Service reach non-public endpoints in Azure?

A

No

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46
Q

What are the two main deployment types for an App Service?

A

Multi-tenant (public service hosts) and Single-Tenant - isolated in an App Service Environment (ASE)

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47
Q

Azure App Service is a distributed system. What are the roles handling incoming HTTP/S requests called?

A

Front Ends

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48
Q

In Azure App Service, what are the roles that handle the customer workload called?

A

Workers

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49
Q

In what type of network do the roles in an App Service deployment exist in?

A

Multi-tenant

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50
Q

Why can’t you connect a multi-tenant App Service to your virtual network?

A

Because there are multiple tenants (Azure customers) in the same App Service scale unit

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51
Q

What features can be used to handle requests (inbound) to an app on a multi-tenant App Service?

A
  • App Assigned Address
  • Access Restrictions
  • Service Endpoints
  • Private Endpoints
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52
Q

What features can be used to make requests (outbound) from an app on a multi-tenant App Service?

A
  • Hybrid Connections
  • Gateway-Required Virtual Network Integration
  • Virtual Network Integration
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53
Q

What feature would you use to support IP-based SSL access to your App Service app?

A

App-Assigned Address

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54
Q

What feature would you use to support an unshared dedicated inbound address to your App Service app?

A

App-Assigned Address

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55
Q

What feature would you use to restrict access to your App Service app to a set of well-defined addresses?

A

Access Restrictions

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56
Q

Are the workers in the Free and Shared App Service Plans multi-tenant?

A

Yes

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57
Q

Are the workers in the Basic and higher App Service Plans multi-tenant?

A

No, they are dedicated to only one App Service Plan

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58
Q

Do workers in the Free, Shared, Basic, Standard, and Premium tiers all use the same VM type?

A

Yes

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59
Q

Do workers in the Premium V2 tier and the Premium V3 tier use different VM types from each other and the other tiers?

A

Yes

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60
Q

Does your outbound IP address change if you change between (Free, Shared, Basic, Standard, Premium), Premium V2, and Premium V3 tiers?

A

Yes.

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61
Q

What app property in the Azure Portal shows the current outbound addresses your app might use in a scale unit?

A

Outbound IP Addresses

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62
Q

What is a scale unit?

A

A scale unit is a group of servers dedicated to a specific role, such as running App Services

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63
Q

What bash command could you use to list the possible outbound IP addresses of an App Service app?

A
az webapp show \
    --resource-group <group_name> \ 
    --name <app_name> \ 
    --query possibleOutboundIpAddresses \
    --output tsv
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64
Q

In App Service, what mechanism is used to pass app settings to the application code?

A

Environment Variables

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65
Q

In App Service Linux and Custom Container Apps, what flag is used to pass variables to the container?

A

--env

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66
Q

How are App settings protected when they are stored?

A

They are encrypted

67
Q

Can you make an application setting dependent on its deployment slot (swappable) or fixed for all deployments?

A

Yes

68
Q

What character sequence should replace : as a separator in setting names for default, or custom Linux container Apps?

A

\_\_ (double underscore)

69
Q

For ASP.NET and ASP.NET Core apps, do the values set in the App Service override the ones in Web.Config?

A

Yes

70
Q

For non ASP.NET/Core stacks, when would you use connection strings instead of app settings?

A

When the you want the Azure database to be backed up with the app. If the connection string is not set, the database is not automatically backed-up with the app.

71
Q

Where would set the language and SDK versions used by an App Service app?

A

In Configuration - General - Stack Settings. For Linux apps and container apps, you can optionally set a start-up command or file.

72
Q

What App Service app protocol would you enable to support ASP.NET SignalR or socket.io?

A

WebSocket protocol

73
Q

When would enable the Always On setting for an App Service app?

A

When you want the app to be immediately available, or when a WebJob is continuously required or is triggered using a CRON expression

74
Q

What’s the default value for the App Service app setting Always On?

A

Disabled

75
Q

For App Service apps, when would you set the Managed Pipeline Version to Classic?

A

When you have a legacy app that requires an older version of IIS

76
Q

For App Service apps, what setting would you change to enable HTTPS/2?

A

The HTTP Version. You would set its value to 2.0

77
Q

In App Service apps, what does the ARR affinity setting do?

A

For multi-instance deployments, it ensures that the client is routed to the same instance for the lifetime of the session. If the application is stateless, it’s advisable to set the setting to Off

78
Q

In App Service apps, what type of apps can be remotely debugged?

A

ASP.NET, ASP.NET Core and Node.js apps. Remote debugging is automatically turned off after 48 hours

79
Q

How can you make sure a client is authenticated using the App Service app settings?

A

By requiring incoming client certificates

80
Q

By what does the configuration for Path Mappings changes in an App Service app?

A

Operation System type

81
Q

How would add custom script processors for App Service Windows apps?

A

You would add a new handler, specifying the file extension, the absolute path of the script processor, and optional command-line arguments.

82
Q

Can you add custom storage for App Service containerized apps?

A

Yes. This includes all Linux apps, and custom Windows and Linux containers.

You can add storage mounts. You can mount Azure Blobs and Azure Files. Windows container apps support only Azure Files. You can choose the path where to mount the custom storage.

83
Q

What platforms support Application Logging?

A

Windows and Linux

84
Q

Where can application logs be written to?

A

App Service file systems and Azure Storage blobs

85
Q

What are the six levels an application log message can have?

A

Critical, Error, Warning, Info, Debug, and Trace

86
Q

What platform supports Web server logging?

A

Windows

87
Q

Where can web server logs be written?

A

App Service file system and Azure Storage Blobs

88
Q

Describe the format of a web server log message

A

These logs contain raw HTTP request data in W3C extended log file format.

Each message includes data like the HTTP method, resource URI, client IP, client port, user agent, response code, etc.

89
Q

What platform supports Detailed Error Logging?

A

Windows

90
Q

Where are Detail Error logs written?

A

App Service file system

91
Q

Describe the format of Detailed Error logs.

A

They are copies of the .html error pages that would have been sent to the client. For security reasons, you would not send such copies to clients in production.

92
Q

What platform supports Failed Request Tracing?

A

Windows

93
Q

Where are Failed Request traces sent to?

A

App Service File System

94
Q

Describe the content of Failed Request traces.

A

A trace includes the IIS components used to process the request and the time taken in each component. A folder is generated for each request which contains the XML log file and the XSL stylesheet to view it.

95
Q

What platforms support Deployment Logging?

A

Windows and Linux

96
Q

Where are Deployment logs written?

A

App Service file system

97
Q

How do you configure deployment logging?

A

You can’t. It happens automatically and there are no configurable settings

98
Q

Where can application logs in Windows be written?

A

To the local filesystem or a Blob

99
Q

Where can application logs in Linux and Container apps be written?

A

To the local file system

100
Q

How long does local filesystem application logging stay enabled for Windows applications?

A

12 hours

101
Q

How can you configure application logging for Linux and Container apps?

A

You can configure the disk quota (in MB) and the retention period (in days).

102
Q

What levels of details can be configured for application logging in Window apps?

A
  • Disabled
  • Error (Error, Critical)
  • Warning (Warning, Error, Critical)
  • Information (Info, Warning, Error, Critical)
  • Verbose (Trace, Debug, Info, Warning, Error, Critical)
103
Q

How can you configure Web Server logging?

A

You can configure whether logs are written to the local filesystem or Blob storage. You can set the retention period (in days).

104
Q

The content of which files are streamed in real-time?

A

Files ending with .txt, .log, .htm stored in /LogFiles are streamed by App Service

105
Q

Why do the contents of the log stream sometimes appear out of order?

A

Some types of loggers use a buffer when writing to the log file

106
Q

What command can be used to stream log live to a shell?

A

az webapp log tail --name appname --resource-group myResourceGroup

107
Q

What is the deployment unit bound to an App Service Plan’s resource group and region combination called?

A

A webspace

108
Q

Where are uploaded app certificates stored?

A

A webspace

109
Q

What options are available for adding a certificate to an App Service app?

A
  • Create a free App Service managed certificate
  • Purchase an App Service certificate
  • Import a certificate from Key Vault
  • Upload a private certificate from a third-party
  • Upload a public certificate
110
Q

Can you use an uploaded public certificate to secure custom domains?

A

No, but they can be used by app code to access remote resources

111
Q

What are the requirements for using a private certificate?

A
  • The certificate must be exported using 3DES as a password-protected PFX file
  • The private key must be at least 2048 bits
  • The certificate contains all intermediate certificates
  • Contain Server Authentication in the Extended Key Usage
  • Signed by a trusted CA
112
Q

In what service tiers can you create a free managed certificate?

A

Basic, Standard, Premium, or Isolated

113
Q

Are free managed certificates renewed continuously?

A

Yes. In six-month increments, 45 days before expiration

114
Q

What are the limitations on free managed certificates?

A
  • No wildcard support
  • Does not support use as a client certificate
  • Is not exportable
  • Is not supported in ASE
  • Is not supported with root domains in Traffic Manager
  • If the certificate is for a CNAME-mapped domain, the CNAME must map directly to: appname.azurewebsites.net
115
Q

What tasks are managed for you if you purchase an App Service Certification from Azure?

A
  • The purchase process from GoDaddy
  • Domain verification of the certificate
  • Maintenance of the certificate in Azure Key Vault
  • Certificate renewal
  • Synchronization with imported copies of the certificate in App Service apps
116
Q

What does Feature Management do?

A

It decouples feature release from code deployment

117
Q

What is a Feature Flag?

A

A binary option with an associated code block. The flag value determines if the code runs or not

118
Q

What is a Feature Manager?

A

An application package that handles the lifecycle of all feature flags. It often provides caching and update functionality.

119
Q

What is a feature management filter?

A

It is a rule for evaluating the state of a feature flag. The evaluation may change depending on the device, browser type, geographic location and time window, for example.

120
Q

What are the two components required for effective feature management?

A
  • An application that uses feature flags
  • A repository that stores feature flags and their current states
121
Q

What are the two parts of a Feature Flag declaration?

A

The name and list of filters used to determine if the flag is set.

122
Q

What happens when a feature flag has multiple filters?

A

The filter list is traversed in order until one of the filters determine the flag is set.

123
Q

What’s an example configuration source (appsettings.json) that uses feature flags?

A
"FeatureManagement": {
    "FeatureA": true, // Feature flag set to on
    "FeatureB": false, // Feature flag set to off
    "FeatureC": {
        "EnabledFor": [
            {
                "Name": "Percentage",
                "Parameters": {
                    "Value": 50
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
124
Q

Can Azure App Configuration be used as a feature flag repository?

A

Yes. You can use App Configuration libraries for various language frameworks to access the flags from your application code.

125
Q

Under what conditions can autoscaling be triggered?

A

According to a schedule or when resources requirements change (CPU utilization, memory occupancy, velocity of requests, length of disk queue)

126
Q

What does Azure App Service monitor to determine whether additional resources are required?

A

The resource metrics of a web app it runs.

127
Q

Does autoscaling using scaling up/down or scaling out/in?

A

Scaling out/in

128
Q

How should you configure your autoscaling rules to manage a DDoS?

A

You shouldn’t. You will be unable to scale sufficiently and it will be expensive to do so. It is advisable to use something to filter the requests of an attack beforehand.

129
Q

When should you consider autoscaling?

A

When the workload is difficult to predict in advance.

130
Q

What does autoscaling do for availability and fault tolerance?

A

It can improve them.

131
Q

It is better to autoscale if your web app performs resource-intensive processing per request, or scale-up?

A

Scaling up would probably be a better approach. Particularly intensive requests could exhaust all processing and memory capacitance of an instance.

132
Q

Is auto-scaling a good approach for handling long-term growth?

A

No. If you can anticipate the rate of growth, manually scaling over time may be more cost effective. Autoscaling has an overhead around monitory and determining when to trigger a scaling event.

133
Q

What’s the problem with only have a few instances of a service most of the time?

A

The service is susceptible to down-time. There may not be enough capacity while other instances spin-up.

134
Q

New instances defined by what are started when a web app scales out?

A

The app’s App Service Plan

135
Q

How is runaway autoscaling prevented?

A

An App Service Plan has an instance limit.

136
Q

What two options are provided for autoscaling?

A
  • Scale based on a metric, such as the number of waiting HTTP requests
  • Scale to a specific instance count according to a schedule
137
Q

What metrics can be used in autoscale rules?

A
  • CPU Percentage
  • Memory Percentage
  • Disk Queue Length
  • HTTP Queue Length
  • Data In
  • Data Out

You can also use metrics from other services.

138
Q

What is the first step in analyzing trends for autoscaling?

A

The values retrieved for a metric for all instances across a period of time (time grain) are aggregated.

139
Q

What is the aggregated value of a metric called?

A

A time aggregation

140
Q

What aggregation options are available for metrics?

A

Average, Minimum, Maximum, Total, Last, and Count

141
Q

What is the second step in analyzing trends for autoscaling?

A

A further aggregation of the time aggegration values over a longer, user-specified period, know as a Duration.

142
Q

Can an autoscale action only increment or decrement the number of instances?

A

No. An action can scale the number of instances to a specific value.

143
Q

How are multiple autoscaling actions prevented while the system stabilizes?

A

Each autoscale action has a cool down period (minutes). During the period, the action will not be fired again. The default cool down period is 5 minutes.

144
Q

Can an autoscale condition contain more than one rule?

A

Yes

145
Q

How many autoscale rules need to be met before a scale-out action is performed?

A

Only one

146
Q

How many autoscale rules need to be met before a scale-in action is performed?

A

All of them

147
Q

Is it a good autoscaling practice to: ensure the maximum and minimum instance values are different and have an adequate margin?

A

Yes

148
Q

Is it a good autoscaling practice to: choose the appropriate statistic for your diagnostic metric?

A

Yes.

149
Q

Is it a good autoscaling practice to: carefully choose thresholds for all metric types?

A

Yes. For example, the same or similar threshold values for scaling in and out can lead to “flapping” where the auto-scaling is continuous and the system does not stablilize

150
Q

Is it a good autoscaling practice to: always select a safe default instance count?

A

Yes. The default will be used if metrics aren’t available.

151
Q

Is it a good autoscaling practice to: configure autoscale notifications?

A

Yes. You can use the Activity Log alert to monitor the health of the autoscale engine.

152
Q

Are Deployment Slots live apps with their own host name?

A

Yes

153
Q

What plans support Deployment Slots?

A

Standard, Premium, and Isolated

154
Q

What are the advantages of deploying your application to a non-production slot?

A
  • You can validate changes before swapping deployment to the production slot
  • You can ensure all the instances of the slot are warmed-up before swapping into production. Traffic redirection is seamless
  • You call quickly roll-back by swapping the production and non-productions again
155
Q

Is there an additional charge for using deployment slots?

A

No

156
Q

What content is available when you create a new deployment slot?

A

None. Even if you clone the settings from another slot.

157
Q

What App Service Plan supports only Manual Scaling?

A

Basic

158
Q

What Azure Service actually handles Autoscaling?

A

Azure Monitor

159
Q

What Azure CLI command would you use to deploy a web-app to a deployment slot using the content of a source-control repository?

A

az webapp deployment source

160
Q

What settings do you need to set to enable auto-swap using Deployment Slots?

A
  • Auto Swap Deployment Slot (typically Production)
  • Auto Swap (typically on the Staging or equivalent slot)
161
Q

What’s the purpose of a custom warm-up?

A

It allows your app to before custom initialization before it’s ready and verify it can service requests before swapping.

162
Q

How do you configure Web App custom initialization (for swapping) on IIS only?

A

Set the applicationInitialization setting in the web.config file

163
Q

How would you config Web App custom initialization (for swapping) regardless of the web server type?

A

Set WEBSITE_SWAP_WARMUP_PING_PATH (path to call) and _PING_STATUSES (valid statuses comma-sep) in Application Settings