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S3 Chemistry > Crazy Carbon > Flashcards

Crazy Carbon Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a fuel

A

A substance that can be burned to release energy

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2
Q

What is an alkane

A

Saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n+2

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3
Q

What is an alkene

A

Unsaturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n

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4
Q

What is a cycloalkane

A

Saturated ring shaped hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n

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5
Q

What is an unsaturated molecule

A

A molecule which contains a carbon to carbon double bond

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6
Q

What is a saturated molecule

A

A molecule which does not contain a carbon to carbon double bond

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7
Q

What is an addition reaction

A

When a molecule adds in across the carbon to carbon double bond in an alkene

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8
Q

What is hydrogenation

A

An addition reaction in which hydrogen is added

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9
Q

What is a homologous series

A

A family of molecules with the same general formula and similar chemical properties

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10
Q

What is viscosity

A

The thickness of a liquid; very viscous means very thick

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11
Q

What is flammability

A

How easily a substance burns; very flammable means burns easily

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12
Q

What is fractional distillation

A

The process by which crude oil is separated into fractions

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13
Q

What is a fraction

A

A group of hydrocarbons with a boiling point range

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14
Q

What is a polymer

A

A long chain molecule made of repeating units

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15
Q

What is a monomer

A

A small molecule used to form a polymer

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16
Q

What is gram formula mass (GFM)

A

The mass of one mole of a compound

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17
Q

What is a chemical reaction

A

A change in which a new substance is formed

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18
Q

What are the three subsets of hydrocarbons

A

Alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes

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19
Q

What are the first 8 molecule’s of the alkane family

A

Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane

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20
Q

What is the general formula of the alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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21
Q

What are the first 7 molecules of the alkenes

A

Ethene, propene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene

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22
Q

What is the general formula of the alkenes

A

CnH2n

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23
Q

What are the first 6 molecules of the cycloalkane family

A

Cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane

24
Q

What is the general formula of the cycloalkanes

A

CnH2n

25
Q

What hydrocarbon family is unsaturated

A

Alkenes

26
Q

What hydrocarbon families are saturated

A

Alkanes and cycloalkanes

27
Q

What is used to test for unsaturation

A

Bromine

28
Q

What is the colour change when testing for unsaturation with bromine

A

Orange to colourless

29
Q

What type of molecule is unsaturated

A

A carbon to carbon molecule

30
Q

What type of molecule is saturated

A

A molecule which doesn’t have a carbon to carbon double bond

31
Q

What is the reaction called of an alkene with bromine

A

An addition reaction

32
Q

What is the reaction called of an alkene with hydrogen

A

Hydrogenation

33
Q

What is also hydrogenation

A

An addition reaction

34
Q

What happens when an alkene reacts with a hydrogen

A

An alkane is formed

35
Q

What are the products of an addition reaction

A

Alkenes

36
Q

What is a homologous series

A

A family of molecules with the same formula and chemical properties

37
Q

The size of a hydrocarbon increases, what happens to the viscosity

A

Increases

38
Q

The size of a hydrocarbon increases, what happens to the flammability

A

Decreases

39
Q

The size of a hydrocarbon increases, what happens to the rate of evaporation

A

Decreased

40
Q

The size of a hydrocarbon increases, what happens to the boiling point

A

Increases

41
Q

Why does the boiling point increase as the chain length increases

A

There are more attractions between the molecules so more energy is needed to beat them

42
Q

Why do branched chain molecules have lower boiling points than straight chain isomers

A

As branching increases the boiling point decreases because there are fewer points of contact

43
Q

What is a fraction

A

A group of hydrocarbons with a boiling point range

44
Q

How are the uses of fractions produced?

A

Through fractional distillation

45
Q

What is cracking

A

A process used to break up long chain hydrocarbons into short chain hydrocarbons

46
Q

Why is cracking done

A

There is a greater demand for short chain hydrocarbons than long hydrocarbons

47
Q

What is used to make plastics

A

Alkenes

48
Q

What is a use for alkanes

A

Natural gas

49
Q

What is use of alkenes

A

Alcohol, plastics

50
Q

What is a use of cycloalkanes

A

Pigmentation

51
Q

How do you calculate gfm

A

Mass (m) ÷ number of moles (n)

52
Q

How do you calculate mass

A

Number of moles (n) x gfm

53
Q

How do you calculate number of moles

A

Mass (m) ÷ gfm

54
Q

What can help when calculating gfm

A

Lines (|_)

55
Q

What is a section of polymer

A

The H shape (structure of monomer) repeated without double bond

56
Q

What are the three main fossil fuels

A

Coal oil gas

S3 Chemistry (2 decks)

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