Crazy Carbon Flashcards
What is a fuel
A substance that can be burned to release energy
What is an alkane
Saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n+2
What is an alkene
Unsaturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n
What is a cycloalkane
Saturated ring shaped hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n
What is an unsaturated molecule
A molecule which contains a carbon to carbon double bond
What is a saturated molecule
A molecule which does not contain a carbon to carbon double bond
What is an addition reaction
When a molecule adds in across the carbon to carbon double bond in an alkene
What is hydrogenation
An addition reaction in which hydrogen is added
What is a homologous series
A family of molecules with the same general formula and similar chemical properties
What is viscosity
The thickness of a liquid; very viscous means very thick
What is flammability
How easily a substance burns; very flammable means burns easily
What is fractional distillation
The process by which crude oil is separated into fractions
What is a fraction
A group of hydrocarbons with a boiling point range
What is a polymer
A long chain molecule made of repeating units
What is a monomer
A small molecule used to form a polymer
What is gram formula mass (GFM)
The mass of one mole of a compound
What is a chemical reaction
A change in which a new substance is formed
What are the three subsets of hydrocarbons
Alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes
What are the first 8 molecule’s of the alkane family
Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane
What is the general formula of the alkanes
CnH2n+2
What are the first 7 molecules of the alkenes
Ethene, propene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene
What is the general formula of the alkenes
CnH2n
What are the first 6 molecules of the cycloalkane family
Cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane
What is the general formula of the cycloalkanes
CnH2n
What hydrocarbon family is unsaturated
Alkenes
What hydrocarbon families are saturated
Alkanes and cycloalkanes
What is used to test for unsaturation
Bromine
What is the colour change when testing for unsaturation with bromine
Orange to colourless
What type of molecule is unsaturated
A carbon to carbon molecule
What type of molecule is saturated
A molecule which doesn’t have a carbon to carbon double bond
What is the reaction called of an alkene with bromine
An addition reaction
What is the reaction called of an alkene with hydrogen
Hydrogenation
What is also hydrogenation
An addition reaction
What happens when an alkene reacts with a hydrogen
An alkane is formed
What are the products of an addition reaction
Alkenes
What is a homologous series
A family of molecules with the same formula and chemical properties
The size of a hydrocarbon increases, what happens to the viscosity
Increases
The size of a hydrocarbon increases, what happens to the flammability
Decreases
The size of a hydrocarbon increases, what happens to the rate of evaporation
Decreased
The size of a hydrocarbon increases, what happens to the boiling point
Increases
Why does the boiling point increase as the chain length increases
There are more attractions between the molecules so more energy is needed to beat them
Why do branched chain molecules have lower boiling points than straight chain isomers
As branching increases the boiling point decreases because there are fewer points of contact
What is a fraction
A group of hydrocarbons with a boiling point range
How are the uses of fractions produced?
Through fractional distillation
What is cracking
A process used to break up long chain hydrocarbons into short chain hydrocarbons
Why is cracking done
There is a greater demand for short chain hydrocarbons than long hydrocarbons
What is used to make plastics
Alkenes
What is a use for alkanes
Natural gas
What is use of alkenes
Alcohol, plastics
What is a use of cycloalkanes
Pigmentation
How do you calculate gfm
Mass (m) ÷ number of moles (n)
How do you calculate mass
Number of moles (n) x gfm
How do you calculate number of moles
Mass (m) ÷ gfm
What can help when calculating gfm
Lines (|_)
What is a section of polymer
The H shape (structure of monomer) repeated without double bond
What are the three main fossil fuels
Coal oil gas
