Crash Course - The Fundamental Laws Flashcards
What was the background of Antoine Lavoisier?
A French Aristocrat in the 18th century. Inherited a lot of wealth after the death of his mother. Also became even wealthier after marrying a young (13) bride who’s father collected taxes.
What was the prevailing scientific theory about how things were made before Lavoisier
People theorised that things were made of Phlogiston. By burning phlogiston containing elements they would lose their phlogiston and become new things
What was Lavoisier’s theory of combustion
That hydrogen wasn’t just inflammable air. It was an element. He named it Hydrogen because it was GENerated from water. He was to discover that oxygen was vital to combustion as well as oxidation. He realised that a log burning wood used oxygen in the same way people did and theorised that people must be powered by some kind of internal combustion. he also realised that burning things remained the same mass as long as it burned in a container and you also measured the air within it. This was the law of the conservation of mass.
How did Lavoisier die?
Executed during the French Revolution, despite being a supporter. He had made too many enemies supporting the building of a wall funded with the tax money he had helped collect.
What did the french Pharmacist Joseph Proust discover about chemical compounds?
They always contained the same proportions of elements.
What did John Dalton observe about the mass of chemical particles?
That carbon and oxygen seemed to be creating two compounds that contained different proportions of carbon and oxygen, one with double the amount of oxygen as the other.
What was the Law that was proposed by the Italian, anti monarchy count Avogadro?
Avogadro’s law states that equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure have the same number of molecules.
For a given mass of an ideal gas, the volume and mount (moles) of the gas are directly proportional if the temperature and pressure are constant.
