Cranium Anatomy Flashcards
What passes through the optic canal?
CN II (optic nerve)
What is the function of the optic nerve?
carries visual information from the retina of the eye back to the brain (allowing for vision)
What passes through the superior orbital fissure?
CN III (occulomotor) CN IV (trochlear) CN V1 (branch of the trigeminal) CN VI (abducens)
Which of the nerves that pass though the superior orbital fissure control the orbital muscles that move the eyeand constrict the pupil?
CN III (occulomotor) CN IV (trochlear) CN VI (abducens)
What is the role of the V1 branch of the trigeminal nerve?
transmits information from the ipsilateral forehead and scalp to the brainstem
What passes through the foramen ovale?
V3 of the trigeminal nerve (mandibular branch)
What passes through the foramen spinosum?
middle meningeal artery
How does the internal carotid artery enter the cranial vault?
carotid foramen–> through a bony canal–> carotid canal
Does the internal carotid artery pass through the foramen lacerum?
NO (it is flocked by CT)
What passes through the internal auditory meatus?
Cranial nerve VII (facial)
Cranial Nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear)
How does the CN VII (facial nerve) exit the calvaria?
stylomastoid foramen
How does the CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) exit the cranial vault?
external auditory meatus
What exits the skull via the jugular foramen?
CN IX (glossopharyngeal) CN X (vagus) CN XI (accessory)
Where do the spinal branches of the accessory nerve (CN XI) enter the cranium?
foramen magnum
What exits the calvarium via the hypoglossal canal?
CN XII (hypoglossal)
What bony prominences in the skull can rub against and injure the brain with rapid acceleration or deceleration?
lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
petrous ridge of the temporal bone
What do the external carotid arteries supply?
face, scalp and meninges overlying hte brain
How do the internal carotid arteries enter the cranial vault?
ascend and travel through the carotid canal and enter along with the cavernous sinus
What occurs as soon as the internal carotid artery is in the cranial vault?
it makes a hairpin turn backwards and splits into the MCA and ACA (middle and anterior cerebral arteries)
What arteries branch off near the apex of the hairpin turn of the internal carotid and are considered to be their first branches?
opthalmic arteries
What is the origin of the vertebral arteries?
right and left subclavian arteries
Through what do the vertebral arteries enter the cranial vault?
foramen magnum
Where do the two vertebral arteries join?
at the junction of the medulla and pons
What is the artery called that is formed when the vertebral arteries join at the junction of the medulla and pons?
basillar artery
What connects the internal carotid artery to the posterior cerebral arteries in the circle of Willis?
posterior communicating arteries
What do the anterior communicating arteries connect in the circle of Willis?
anterior cerebral arteries
To what vessels do the anterior cerebral arteries attach to to complete the circle?
the internal carotid arteries
What are the Medial and lateral lenticulostriate arteries?
tiny branchings of the middle cerebral artery
From what artery does the middle cerebral artery arise?
internal carotid artery
From what artery do the superior cerebellar arteries arise?
first major arteries from the basillar artery
From what artery do the pontine branches arise?
Basillar artery
From what artery does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery arise?
Basilar
From what artery does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery arise?
Vertebral artery
What does the opthalmic artery serve?
orbit
What do the middle cerebral arteries supply?
lateral surface of the cortex
Basal Ganglia
Internal Capsule
What do the anterior cerebral arteries supply?
medial surface of frontal and parietal lobes
What doe the posterior cerebral arteries supply?
medial surface of temporal and occipital lobes
Thalamus (midbrain)
What does the basilar artery supply?
pons
What do the vertebral arteries supply?
lateral caudal medulla
What does the anterior spinal artery supply?
paramedian medulla
anterior 2/3 of spinal cord
What do the posterior spinal arteries supply?
posterior columns of medulla
posterior 1/3 of spinal cord
