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Neuroanatomy Exam 1 > Cranial Nerves V & VII > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves V & VII Flashcards

1
Q

What are three divisions of Trigeminal Nerve?

A 
Ophthalmic (V1)
- Upper face
- Sensory only
Maxillary (V2)
- Middle face 
- Sensory only
Mandibular (V3)
- Lower face
- Sensory and Motor
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2
Q

Trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus is located where?

A

Midbrain

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3
Q

Trigeminal principal Nucleus is located where?

A

Pons

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4
Q

Trigeminal spinal nucleus is located where?

A

Medulla

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5
Q

Trigeminal motor nucleus is located in the….

A

Pons

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6
Q

What projections do you find off of the Trigeminal spinal nucleus?

A

Contralateral projection to Ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus.
(Internal capsule, postcentral parietal lobe.)

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7
Q

Main trigeminal sensory nucleus gives of what projections?

A

Bilateral projection to ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus. (internal capsule, postcentral gyrus parietal lobe)

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8
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the trigeminal nerve found?

A

In the trigeminal ganglion

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9
Q

Function of Pars Oralis….

A

Receives input from intraoral and premolar structures.

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10
Q

Function of Pars interpolaris proper….

A

Activation of trigemini-autonomic reflexes.

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11
Q

3 key features of the Caudalis-Interpolaris transitional zone…

A
  • Not somatotopically organized.
  • Responds to pain stimuli from many areas served by V
  • May be involved in activation of pain suppression mechanisms
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12
Q

What is the target of fibers that mediate Pain, crude touch, and Temperature sensation?

A

Pars Caudalis

  • Superficial structures include oral cavity & teeth
  • Deep structures include jaw muscles and TMJ
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13
Q

Describe structure of Pars Caudalis…

A
  • Laminar structure
  • Blends with posterior horn of cervical cord.
  • Somatotopic organization
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14
Q

______ descends thru the spinal trigeminal tract and synapse in the ________.

A

Afferents, caudal nucleus

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15
Q

What is the organization of pain-temperature afferents in the Pars caudalis?

A

Mandibular division = Dorsal
Ophthalmic = Ventral
Maxillary = In between

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16
Q

Fibers representing back of the face end in the ______.

A

Upper cervical cord

17
Q

Fibers representing the center of the face end near the _____.

A

Obex

18
Q

The more _______ the spinal injury is, the larger the area around the mouth that is spared of sensory loss.

A

Caudal

19
Q

What can you tell me about nerve fibers in the tooth pulp?

A
  • 70-80% of fibers are A-delta (fast pain, thermal) and C (Slow pain, itch, touch)
  • 20-30% of fibers are A-beta (Spindle, touch & pressure)
  • Fibers project to Trigeminal main sensory nucleus, Trigeminal spinal nucleus & Upper cervical spinal cord.
20
Q

What is Trigeminal Nueralgia?

A
  • Brief episodes of excruciating pain in distributation of one (or more) division of the trigeminal nerve.
    (70% = mandibular divison)
  • No sensory trouble between attacks.
  • Often tactile stimulus triggers attacks
  • A number of cases due to trigeminal compression by vessel or tumor. (Most are caused by Superior cerebellar artery)
  • surgical solutions include cutting nerve root, inducing lesion in trigeminal ganglion. *Result is loss of ALL tactile sensation to the area.
  • Or section spinal trigeminal tract slightly caudal to obex…tactile sensation is intact but pain is gone…….Compromises medullary cardiovascular & respiratory centers though.
21
Q

What are the major nerve connections of the Tirgeminal nerve? (4)

A
  1. Peripheral branches of mesencephalic neuron innervated the masseter
  2. Tactile Efferents
  3. Motor neuron fibers: muscles of mass.
  4. Pain-tempature afferents
22
Q

Tell me about the Jaw-jerk reflex….

A
  • monosynaptic reflex
  • Downward tap on chin
  • Like other reflexes it is enhanced with UMN damage, (In fact it used to determine level of injury)
  • Efferent limb: V motor nucleus
  • Afferent limb: mesencephalic V neuron innervating masseter spindle.
23
Q

What does the Trigeminal Motor nucleus do?

A
  • Innervates “MOM & the Tensor twins”
  • Branchial motor nucleus (Ist arch muscles)
  • Efferent Limb of Jaw jerk
24
Q

Where is the Supratrigeminal nucleus and what does it do?

A
  • It is located just superior to the Trigeminal motor nucleus, in the pons.
  • Actually part of reticular formation
  • **Pattern generator for masticatory rhythm
25
Q

Trigeminal Motor nucleus: Function, Termination & Lesion effects…

A

Function = Jaw closure
Terminates in = Muscles of Mastication
Lesion = Jaw closure is weakened & opened jaw will deviate toward side of lesion.

26
Q

Describe Mesencephalic nucleus….

A
  • Heavily myelinated fibers
  • Posterior column homologue (medial lemniscal system)
  • proprioception
27
Q

Describe Main sensory nucleus….

A
  • Heavily myelinated fibers
  • Posterior column homologue (medial lemniscal system)
  • Discriminative touch
28
Q

Describe Spinal Nucleus….

A
  • Lightly myelinated fibers
  • Homologue of anterolateral system
  • Pain, crude touch, temperature

Neuroanatomy Exam 1 (14 decks)

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