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NMS 1 Exam 1 > Cranial Nerves l and ll with Vocab > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves l and ll with Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

What is the only CN to have contralateral innervation in the lower part of the nuclei?

A

CN Vll

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2
Q

All CN’s (except for CN Vll) arise bilaterally from __________ _________ of the cerebral motor cortex and descend alon what tract?

A

Precentral gyrus; corticobulbar tract

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3
Q

Corticobulbar tract neurons aka?

A

UMN or supranuclear neurons

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4
Q

What forms the synaptic link to peripheral cranial nerves?

A

Supranuclear neurons aka UMN

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5
Q

What is the greatest cause of headaches?

A

cervicogenic pain

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6
Q

What is the greatest cause of dizziness?

A

cervicogenic vertigo

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7
Q

Movements that are mainly unilateral such as fine movements of the face receive primary innervations from what hemisphere?

  1. ipsilateral
  2. contralateral
A

Contralateral

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8
Q

Which CN’s are not true cranial nerves but fiber tracts of the brain?

A

CN l and ll

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9
Q

The caudal 10 pairs of CN emerge from where? (in which lies their nuclei of origin)

A

Brain stem

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10
Q

CN with MOTOR function originate from a collection of cells where?

A

DEEP within the brainstem

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11
Q

CN wil SENSORY function originate from a collection of cells where?

A

OUTSIDE the brainstem

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12
Q

A unilateral problem with CN’s V, Vll, and Vlll would indicate a lesion where?

A

cerebellopontine angle

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13
Q

A unilateral problem involving CN’s lll, lV, V, and Vl would indicate a leasion where?

A

Cavernous sinus

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14
Q

A combined unilateral issue with CN’s lX, X, and Xl would indicate a what?

A

Jugular foramen syndrome

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15
Q

A combined bilateral issue with CN’s X, Xl, and Xll would indicate what two problems?

LMN = _________

UMN = _________

A

LMN = bulbar palsy

UMN = Pseudobulbar palsy

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16
Q

What is the MC cause of intrinsic brain stem lesion in younger patients?

A

Multiple sclerosis

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17
Q

What is the MC cause of intrinsic brainstem lesion in older patients?

A

Vascular disease

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18
Q

Nuclei of CN’s cheifly lie in what structure?

A

brain stem

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19
Q

Sensory nuclei develop within the what?

A

dorsal or alar plate of the neuro tube

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20
Q

Motor nuclei develop within the what?

A

basal plate

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21
Q

Do strong irritants such as ammonia need CN l in order to be recognized?

A

NO

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22
Q

What is the term for COMPLETE loss of smell?

A

ANOSMIA

23
Q

What is anosmia MC caused from?

A

Viral infx

Allergies

Aging

Head Trauma

24
Q

What are cues that indicate a CN 1 lesion?

A

Perversion, hallucination, or dimunition of smell

25
Q

A lesion of the uncinate gyrus can cause hallucinations of smell with feelings of deja vu and are called what?

A

Uncinate fits of seizures

26
Q

What is the term for a decrease in sense of smell?

A

Hyposmia

27
Q

What is the term for and increase in sense of smell?

A

hyperosmia

28
Q

What is the term for perversion of smell?

A

Parosmia

29
Q

What is the term for abnormal disagreeable smell?

A

Cacosmia

30
Q

What forms the optic tract?

A

ipsilateral halves of the retina

31
Q

A fan-like radiating portion that curves around the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle is called what?

A

Meyers loop

32
Q

Fibers of the pretectal region are responsible for what type of vision?

A

simple and consensual light reflexes

33
Q

Fibers of the superior colliculi are responsible for what reflexes?

A

Musculoskeletal

34
Q

Fibers from the lateral geniculate bod give rise to the genicuulocalcarine tract which is concerned with what?

A

visual perception

35
Q

Central vision is located here?

A

macula

36
Q

Area of greatest vision and color discrimination?

A

fovea centralis

37
Q

The MORE NUMEROUS rods react to what?

A

low light

38
Q

What lesion involves the optic nerve or tract?

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

39
Q

What is the most common cause of retrobulbar neuritis lesions?

A

Multiple Sclerosis

40
Q

What type of lesion includes various froms of retinitis?

A

Optic or Bulbar neuritis

41
Q

What is a commonly seen symptom of increased intracranial pressure due to brain tumors, abscesses, hemorrhage, hypertension, and other causes?

A

Papilledema

42
Q

Choked disc is aka

A

Papilledema

43
Q

What is assciated with a decreased visual acuity and a change in the color of the optic disc to light pink, white, or gray?

A

Optic atrophy

44
Q

What is caused by processes that involve the optic nerve and do not produce papilledema?

A

Primary optic atrophy

45
Q

What is a sequal of papilledema?

A

Secondary optic atrophy

46
Q

Primary Optic atrophy may be due to what 3 causes?

A
  1. MS
  2. Tabes dorsalis
  3. hereditary
47
Q

Secondary optic atrophy may be due to what 3 things?

A
  1. Neuritis
  2. glaucoma
  3. increased intraocular pressure
48
Q

What may be caused by tumors at the base of the fromtal lobe and is characterized by ipsilateral blindness and anosmia and contralateral papilledema?

A

Foster Kennedy Syndrome

49
Q

What syndrome/disease involves cerebromacular degeneration, severe mental deficiency, occurs in Jewish families and is associated with blindness, optic atrophy, and a dark cherry red spot in place of the macula lutea?

A

Amaurotic Familial Idiocy

AKA

Tay-Sachs disease

50
Q

What syndrome/disease is associated with the pupil only reacting to accommodation, has neither a direct nor indirect reaction to light and is found to occurre as a diabetic complication?

A

Argyll Robertson pupil

51
Q

What syndrome is characterized by a tonic pupillary reaction and the absence of one or more tendon reflexes. The pupil is myotonic with a VERY SLOW contraction to light and in near vision and an even SLOWER dialation upon removal of stimulus. is MC in women and is considered a beinign condition

A

Holmes- Adie syndrome

52
Q

What is Heterotropia?

A

Bilateral deviation of eye alignment

53
Q

In which direction does the ocular deviation occur in the following Heterotropia’s:

  1. Exotropia
  2. Esotropia
  3. Hypertropia
  4. Hypotropia
A
  1. Outward/ lateral
  2. inward/medial
  3. up
  4. downward
54
Q
A

NMS 1 Exam 1 (6 decks)

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