Cranial Nerves l and ll with Vocab

Question 1

What is the only CN to have contralateral innervation in the lower part of the nuclei?

Answer 1

CN Vll

Question 2

All CN’s (except for CN Vll) arise bilaterally from __________ _________ of the cerebral motor cortex and descend alon what tract?

Answer 2

Precentral gyrus; corticobulbar tract

Question 3

Corticobulbar tract neurons aka?

Answer 3

UMN or supranuclear neurons

Question 4

What forms the synaptic link to peripheral cranial nerves?

Answer 4

Supranuclear neurons aka UMN

Question 5

What is the greatest cause of headaches?

Answer 5

cervicogenic pain

Question 6

What is the greatest cause of dizziness?

Answer 6

cervicogenic vertigo

Question 7

Movements that are mainly unilateral such as fine movements of the face receive primary innervations from what hemisphere?

1. ipsilateral
2. contralateral

Answer 7

Contralateral

Question 8

Which CN’s are not true cranial nerves but fiber tracts of the brain?

Answer 8

CN l and ll

Question 9

The caudal 10 pairs of CN emerge from where? (in which lies their nuclei of origin)

Answer 9

Brain stem

Question 10

CN with MOTOR function originate from a collection of cells where?

Answer 10

DEEP within the brainstem

Question 11

CN wil SENSORY function originate from a collection of cells where?

Answer 11

OUTSIDE the brainstem

Question 12

A unilateral problem with CN’s V, Vll, and Vlll would indicate a lesion where?

Answer 12

cerebellopontine angle

Question 13

A unilateral problem involving CN’s lll, lV, V, and Vl would indicate a leasion where?

Answer 13

Cavernous sinus

Question 14

A combined unilateral issue with CN’s lX, X, and Xl would indicate a what?

Answer 14

Jugular foramen syndrome

Question 15

A combined bilateral issue with CN’s X, Xl, and Xll would indicate what two problems?

LMN = _________

UMN = _________

Answer 15

LMN = bulbar palsy

UMN = Pseudobulbar palsy

Question 16

What is the MC cause of intrinsic brain stem lesion in younger patients?

Answer 16

Multiple sclerosis

Question 17

What is the MC cause of intrinsic brainstem lesion in older patients?

Answer 17

Vascular disease

Question 18

Nuclei of CN’s cheifly lie in what structure?

Answer 18

brain stem

Question 19

Sensory nuclei develop within the what?

Answer 19

dorsal or alar plate of the neuro tube

Question 20

Motor nuclei develop within the what?

Answer 20

basal plate

Question 21

Do strong irritants such as ammonia need CN l in order to be recognized?

Answer 21

NO

Question 22

What is the term for COMPLETE loss of smell?

Answer 22

ANOSMIA

Question 23

What is anosmia MC caused from?

Answer 23

Viral infx

Allergies

Aging

Head Trauma

Question 24

What are cues that indicate a CN 1 lesion?

Answer 24

Perversion, hallucination, or dimunition of smell

Question 25

A lesion of the uncinate gyrus can cause hallucinations of smell with feelings of deja vu and are called what?

Answer 25

Uncinate fits of seizures

Question 26

What is the term for a decrease in sense of smell?

Answer 26

Hyposmia

Question 27

What is the term for and increase in sense of smell?

Answer 27

hyperosmia

Question 28

What is the term for perversion of smell?

Answer 28

Parosmia

Question 29

What is the term for abnormal disagreeable smell?

Answer 29

Cacosmia

Question 30

What forms the optic tract?

Answer 30

ipsilateral halves of the retina

Question 31

A fan-like radiating portion that curves around the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle is called what?

Answer 31

Meyers loop

Question 32

Fibers of the pretectal region are responsible for what type of vision?

Answer 32

simple and consensual light reflexes

Question 33

Fibers of the superior colliculi are responsible for what reflexes?

Answer 33

Musculoskeletal

Question 34

Fibers from the lateral geniculate bod give rise to the genicuulocalcarine tract which is concerned with what?

Answer 34

visual perception

Question 35

Central vision is located here?

Answer 35

macula

Question 36

Area of greatest vision and color discrimination?

Answer 36

fovea centralis

Question 37

The MORE NUMEROUS rods react to what?

Answer 37

low light

Question 38

What lesion involves the optic nerve or tract?

Answer 38

Retrobulbar neuritis

Question 39

What is the most common cause of retrobulbar neuritis lesions?

Answer 39

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 40

What type of lesion includes various froms of retinitis?

Answer 40

Optic or Bulbar neuritis

Question 41

What is a commonly seen symptom of increased intracranial pressure due to brain tumors, abscesses, hemorrhage, hypertension, and other causes?

Answer 41

Papilledema

Question 42

Choked disc is aka

Answer 42

Papilledema

Question 43

What is assciated with a decreased visual acuity and a change in the color of the optic disc to light pink, white, or gray?

Answer 43

Optic atrophy

Question 44

What is caused by processes that involve the optic nerve and do not produce papilledema?

Answer 44

Primary optic atrophy

Question 45

What is a sequal of papilledema?

Answer 45

Secondary optic atrophy

Question 46

Primary Optic atrophy may be due to what 3 causes?

Answer 46

1. MS 2. Tabes dorsalis 3. hereditary

Question 47

Secondary optic atrophy may be due to what 3 things?

Answer 47

1. Neuritis 2. glaucoma 3. increased intraocular pressure

Question 48

What may be caused by tumors at the base of the fromtal lobe and is characterized by ipsilateral blindness and anosmia and contralateral papilledema?

Answer 48

Foster Kennedy Syndrome

Question 49

What syndrome/disease involves cerebromacular degeneration, severe mental deficiency, occurs in Jewish families and is associated with blindness, optic atrophy, and a dark cherry red spot in place of the macula lutea?

Answer 49

Amaurotic Familial Idiocy AKA Tay-Sachs disease

Question 50

What syndrome/disease is associated with the pupil only reacting to accommodation, has neither a direct nor indirect reaction to light and is found to occurre as a diabetic complication?

Answer 50

Argyll Robertson pupil

Question 51

What syndrome is characterized by a tonic pupillary reaction and the absence of one or more tendon reflexes. The pupil is myotonic with a VERY SLOW contraction to light and in near vision and an even SLOWER dialation upon removal of stimulus. is MC in women and is considered a beinign condition

Answer 51

Holmes- Adie syndrome

Question 52

What is Heterotropia?

Answer 52

Bilateral deviation of eye alignment

Question 53

In which direction does the ocular deviation occur in the following Heterotropia's: 1. Exotropia 2. Esotropia 3. Hypertropia 4. Hypotropia

Answer 53

1. Outward/ lateral 2. inward/medial 3. up 4. downward