Cranial Nerves l and ll with Vocab Flashcards
What is the only CN to have contralateral innervation in the lower part of the nuclei?
CN Vll
All CN’s (except for CN Vll) arise bilaterally from __________ _________ of the cerebral motor cortex and descend alon what tract?
Precentral gyrus; corticobulbar tract
Corticobulbar tract neurons aka?
UMN or supranuclear neurons
What forms the synaptic link to peripheral cranial nerves?
Supranuclear neurons aka UMN
What is the greatest cause of headaches?
cervicogenic pain
What is the greatest cause of dizziness?
cervicogenic vertigo
Movements that are mainly unilateral such as fine movements of the face receive primary innervations from what hemisphere?
- ipsilateral
- contralateral
Contralateral
Which CN’s are not true cranial nerves but fiber tracts of the brain?
CN l and ll
The caudal 10 pairs of CN emerge from where? (in which lies their nuclei of origin)
Brain stem
CN with MOTOR function originate from a collection of cells where?
DEEP within the brainstem
CN wil SENSORY function originate from a collection of cells where?
OUTSIDE the brainstem
A unilateral problem with CN’s V, Vll, and Vlll would indicate a lesion where?
cerebellopontine angle
A unilateral problem involving CN’s lll, lV, V, and Vl would indicate a leasion where?
Cavernous sinus
A combined unilateral issue with CN’s lX, X, and Xl would indicate a what?
Jugular foramen syndrome
A combined bilateral issue with CN’s X, Xl, and Xll would indicate what two problems?
LMN = _________
UMN = _________
LMN = bulbar palsy
UMN = Pseudobulbar palsy
What is the MC cause of intrinsic brain stem lesion in younger patients?
Multiple sclerosis
What is the MC cause of intrinsic brainstem lesion in older patients?
Vascular disease
Nuclei of CN’s cheifly lie in what structure?
brain stem
Sensory nuclei develop within the what?
dorsal or alar plate of the neuro tube
Motor nuclei develop within the what?
basal plate
Do strong irritants such as ammonia need CN l in order to be recognized?
NO
What is the term for COMPLETE loss of smell?
ANOSMIA
What is anosmia MC caused from?
Viral infx
Allergies
Aging
Head Trauma
What are cues that indicate a CN 1 lesion?
Perversion, hallucination, or dimunition of smell
A lesion of the uncinate gyrus can cause hallucinations of smell with feelings of deja vu and are called what?
Uncinate fits of seizures
What is the term for a decrease in sense of smell?
Hyposmia
What is the term for and increase in sense of smell?
hyperosmia
What is the term for perversion of smell?
Parosmia
What is the term for abnormal disagreeable smell?
Cacosmia
What forms the optic tract?
ipsilateral halves of the retina
A fan-like radiating portion that curves around the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle is called what?
Meyers loop
Fibers of the pretectal region are responsible for what type of vision?
simple and consensual light reflexes
Fibers of the superior colliculi are responsible for what reflexes?
Musculoskeletal
Fibers from the lateral geniculate bod give rise to the genicuulocalcarine tract which is concerned with what?
visual perception
Central vision is located here?
macula
Area of greatest vision and color discrimination?
fovea centralis
The MORE NUMEROUS rods react to what?
low light
What lesion involves the optic nerve or tract?
Retrobulbar neuritis
What is the most common cause of retrobulbar neuritis lesions?
Multiple Sclerosis
What type of lesion includes various froms of retinitis?
Optic or Bulbar neuritis
What is a commonly seen symptom of increased intracranial pressure due to brain tumors, abscesses, hemorrhage, hypertension, and other causes?
Papilledema
Choked disc is aka
Papilledema
What is assciated with a decreased visual acuity and a change in the color of the optic disc to light pink, white, or gray?
Optic atrophy
What is caused by processes that involve the optic nerve and do not produce papilledema?
Primary optic atrophy
What is a sequal of papilledema?
Secondary optic atrophy
Primary Optic atrophy may be due to what 3 causes?
- MS
- Tabes dorsalis
- hereditary
Secondary optic atrophy may be due to what 3 things?
- Neuritis
- glaucoma
- increased intraocular pressure
What may be caused by tumors at the base of the fromtal lobe and is characterized by ipsilateral blindness and anosmia and contralateral papilledema?
Foster Kennedy Syndrome
What syndrome/disease involves cerebromacular degeneration, severe mental deficiency, occurs in Jewish families and is associated with blindness, optic atrophy, and a dark cherry red spot in place of the macula lutea?
Amaurotic Familial Idiocy
AKA
Tay-Sachs disease
What syndrome/disease is associated with the pupil only reacting to accommodation, has neither a direct nor indirect reaction to light and is found to occurre as a diabetic complication?
Argyll Robertson pupil
What syndrome is characterized by a tonic pupillary reaction and the absence of one or more tendon reflexes. The pupil is myotonic with a VERY SLOW contraction to light and in near vision and an even SLOWER dialation upon removal of stimulus. is MC in women and is considered a beinign condition
Holmes- Adie syndrome
What is Heterotropia?
Bilateral deviation of eye alignment
In which direction does the ocular deviation occur in the following Heterotropia’s:
- Exotropia
- Esotropia
- Hypertropia
- Hypotropia
- Outward/ lateral
- inward/medial
- up
- downward