Cranial Nerves General

Question 1

How many modalities do cranial nerves carry? And what types?

Answer 1

Six: three sensory and three motor

Question 2

What does the general sensory modality do?

Answer 2

Percieves touch, pain, temperature, pressure, vibration, and propioceptive sensation

Question 3

What does the visceral sensory modality do?

Answer 3

Percieves input, except pain, from the viscera

Question 4

What does the special sensory modality do?

Answer 4

Perceives smell, vision, taste, hearing, and balance

Question 5

What does the general somatic motor modality do?

Answer 5

Innervates the muscles that develop from the somites

Question 6

What does the general branchial motor modality do?

Answer 6

innervates the muscles that develop from the brachial arches

Question 7

What does the general motor modality do?

Answer 7

innervates the viscera, including glands and all smooth muscle

Question 8

Special censory for smell

Answer 8

Olfactory CN I

Question 9

Special censory for vision

Answer 9

Optic CN II

Question 10

Somatic motor to all extraocular muscles except superior oblique and lateral recuts muscles

Answer 10

Oculomotor CN III

Question 11

Parasympathetic motor supply to ciliary and constrictor pupillae muscles

Answer 11

Oculomotor CN III

Question 12

Somatic motor to superior oblique muscle

Answer 12

Trochlear CN IV

Question 13

General sensory from face, anterior scalp, eyes, sinuses, nasal and oral cavities, anterior two-thirds of tongue, meninges of anterior and middle cranial fossae, and external tympanic membrane.

Answer 13

Trigeminal CN V

Question 14

Branchial motor to muscle of mastication, tensores tympani and veli palatini, and mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric muscle

Answer 14

Trigeminal CN V

Question 15

Somatic motor to lateral rectus muscle

Answer 15

Abducens CN VI

Question 16

General sensory from skin of choncha of auricle, behind the external ear, and external tymapnic membrane.

Answer 16

Facial CN VII

Question 17

Special sensory for taste from anterior two-thirds of tongue

Answer 17

Facial CN VII

Question 18

Branchial motor to muscles of facial expression

Answer 18

Facial CN VII

Question 19

Parasympathetic to lacrimal glands, submandibular and sublingual glands, and oral and nasal mucosa

Answer 19

Facial CN VII

Question 20

Special sensory for balance

Answer 20

Vestubular division CN VIII

Question 21

Special sensory for hearing

Answer 21

Cochlear division CN VIII

Question 22

General sensory from posterior one-third of tongue, tonsil, skin of external ear, internal surface of tympanic membrane, and pharnyx.

Answer 22

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Question 23

Visceral sensory from the carotid body and sinus

Answer 23

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Question 24

Special sensory for taste from posterior one-third of tongue

Answer 24

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Question 25

Brachial motor to stylopharyngeus muscle

Answer 25

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Question 26

Parasympathetic to partoid gland and blood vessels in carotid body

Answer 26

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Question 27

General sensory from a small area around the external ear, posterior meninges, external tympanic membrane, and larynx

Answer 27

Vagus CN X

Question 28

Visceral sensory from pharynx, larynx and thoracic and abdominal viscera including aortic bodies

Answer 28

Vagus CN X

Question 29

Branchial motor to pharyngeal (including palatoglossus) and laryngeal muscles

Answer 29

Vagus CN X

Question 30

Parasympathetic supply to smooth muscles and glands of the pharynx, larynx, and thoracic and abdominal viscera, and cardiac muscle

Answer 30

Vagus CN X

Question 31

Brachial motor to sternomastoid and trapexius muscles

Answer 31

Accessory CN XI

Question 32

Somatic moto to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus

Answer 32

Hypoglossal CN XII

Question 33

Where are the cell bodies of the primary neuron cell bodies located?

Answer 33

located outside in CNS in sensory ganglia. They are homologous with dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord but are usually smaller and are frequently overlooked.

Question 34

Where are the cell bodies of the secondary neuron cell bodies located?

Answer 34

located in the dorsal gray matter of the brain stem, and their axons usually cross the midline to project to the thalamus. The cell bodies that reside in the brain stem form the sensory group of cranial nerve nuclei.

Question 35

Where are the cell bodies of the third neuron cell bodies located?

Answer 35

located in the thalamus, and their axons project to the sensory cortex

Question 36

What happens if the thalamus is damaged?

Answer 36

Hemianesthesia and hemianalgesia on the contralateral side of the body. There is often additional spontanous pain of an unpleasant, disturbing nature on the partially anesthetized side.

Question 37

What two major pathways make up the Motor pathway (somatic and branchial)?

Answer 37

Upper motor neuron and the lower motor neuron

Question 38

Where is the upper motor neuron located? And where do its axons project?

Answer 38

usually located in the cerebral cortex. Its axons project caudally through the corticobulbar tract to contact the lower motor neurons. Most, but not all, of the motor pathways that terminate in the brain stem project bilaterally to contact lower motor neurons on both sides of the midline.

Question 39

What are the symptoms of upper motor neuron lesion (UMNL)?

Answer 39

1. Paresis 2. paralysis when voluntary movement is attempted 3. spasticity 4. exaggerated tendon reflexes

Question 40

Where is the lower motor neuron located? And where do its axons project?

Answer 40

located in the brain stem or upper cervical spinal cord. The cell bodies form the motor cranial nerve nuclei. Axons that leave these nuclei make up the motor component of the cranial nerves.

Question 41

What are the symptoms of lower motor neuron lesion (LMNL)?

Answer 41

1. Paresis or, if all the motor neurons to a particular muscles group are affected, complete paralysis 2. loss of muscle tones (flaccidity) 3. loss of tendon reflexes 4. rapid atrophy of the affected muscles 5. fasciculation

Question 42

How do visceral motor (parasympathetic) pathway differs from the somatic/brachial moto pathway?

Answer 42

Because it has a three-neuron pathway

Question 43

Where are the First-order neurons of the visceral motor pathway located?

Answer 43

In higher centers that project to parasympathetic nuclei in the brain stem.

Question 44

Whereare the Second-order neurons of the visceral motor pathway located?

Answer 44

From the nuclei project via cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X to ganglia located outside the central nervous system.

Question 45

Where are the Thrid-order neurons of the visceral motor pathway located?

Answer 45

From the ganglia located outside of the CNS, they travel with peripheral branches of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X to reach their targets in the head, thorax and abdomen.