Cranial nerves, Autonomics

Question 0

location of ganglia, parasymp vs. sympathetic

Answer 0

parasymp: cranial-sacral (CN II, VII, IX, X and S2-5)
sympathetic: thoracolumbar (T1-L3)

Question 1

CNs with parasympathetic function (and their nuclei)

Answer 1

CNs:
III: Ed-Westphal nucl.
VII: superior salivatory nucl. 
IX: Inferior salivatory nucl. 
X: Dorsal motor nucl./Nucleus ambiguus

Question 2

General Afferent CNs

Answer 2

Carry pain/touch info to brain.

= CNs: V, VII, IX, X

Question 3

Special afferent CNs

Answer 3

Carry smell/taste sensory info to brain.

= CNs I, VIII, IX, X

Question 4

Pain afferent CNs

Answer 4

Carry info from nocioRs and ChemoRs to brain.

= CNs VII, IX, X

Question 5

General Visceral Efferent CNs

Answer 5

Carry parasympathetic info from brain to viscera.

CNs: III, VII, IX, X

Question 6

General Somatic Efferent CNs

Answer 6

Carry motor (somatic) info from brain to skeletal muscles. 
CNs: III, IV, VI, XII

Question 7

Special visceral efferent CNs

Answer 7

Carry info from brain to branchial viscera.

CNs: V, VII, IX, X, XI

Question 8

Occulomotor nerve (III)

Answer 8

lesion ==> ptosis, “down & out” gaze, dilated pupil and diplopia
Nuclei:
-CN III nucl (M): extraoccular mm
- Ed-Westphal nucl (P): ciliary muscle and pupillary sphincter

Question 9

trochlear nerve (IV)

Answer 9

lesion ==> canNOT gaze down & nasal –> often trip down stairs
Nucl: trochlear (for superior oblique m.)

Question 10

trigeminal nerve (V)

Answer 10

lesion ==> anesthesia, NO blink reflex, weak mastication mm, increased sensitivity to loud noises
Nucleus: Spinal nucleus of V
* sensory (A): nasal/oral + gums, teeth, ant. 2/3 tongue.
* motor: mastication mm, tensor tympani

Question 11

Abducens nerve (VI)

Answer 11

Lesion ==> eye deviated medially & diplopia

motor to Lateral rectus m.

Question 12

Spinal Accessory nerve (XI)

Answer 12

Lesion ==> weak IPsilateral shoulder elevation, weak rotation of chin toward lesion side
Motor to:
- trapezius m.
- sternocleidomastoid m.

Question 13

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Answer 13

Lesion ==> weak extension of IPsilateral tongue side
(tongue curls in direction of lesion), + fasciculations (twitch bc apathy)
= Motor to tongue mm.

Question 14

facial nerve (VII)

Answer 14

Lesion ==> lose taste to ant. 2/3, dry mouth, dry eye & Bell’s Palsy (whole IPsilateral face = weak), lose eye blink reflex
Nuclei:
- solitary nucleus (A): ant 2/3 taste, nasopharynx,
- Spinal nucl. of V (A): outer ear
- Superior salivatory nucl (ParaS): submandibular & sublingual gland
- Facial Nucl (M): facial expression mm, stapedius m.

Question 15

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Answer 15

Lesion ==> lose taste post. 1/3, lose gag reflex, no tongue mecho-sense (post. 1/3)
Nuclei:
- Solitary Nucl (A): post 1/3 taste, pharynx/tonsils, carotid body/sinus Rs
- Spinal Nucl of V (A): outer ear, post 1/3 tongue somatosense
- Inferior Salivatory Nucl (P): parotid gland
- Nucleus Ambiguus (M): stylopharyngeous m.

Question 16

Vagus nerve (X)

Answer 16

Lesion ==> weak/raspy voice, canNOT cough forcefully, palate pulls to intact side w/ “Ahh”
Nuclei:
- Solitary Nucl (A): taste on epiglottis, larynx, thoracic/abdominal viscera, aortic arch/bodies Rs
- Spinal Nucl of V (A): Ear
- Dorsal Motor nucl. of X (P): thoracic/abdominal viscera
- Nucleus Ambiguus (M,): Heart (P), larynx, pharynx

Question 17

Cranial nerves included in Solitary Nucleus

Answer 17

• carries afferent info from mechR/other Rs via CN to brain.
  CNs: VII (facial), IX (glossop), X (vagus)
  [= all CNs that carry taste information!]

Question 18

Cranial nerves included in Spinal Nucleus/Tract of V:

Answer 18

*carry sensory info to brain from EARS! …and mouth.

CNs: V (trigem), VII (facial), IX (glosso), X (vagus)