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PPO > Cranial nerves and eyes > Flashcards

Cranial nerves and eyes Flashcards

1
Q

What does A&Ox3 mean?

A

alert, oriented to person, space, time

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2
Q

where is speech/fluency apart of in the brain? what’s it called when there’s a speech problem

A

Broca’s area in frontal cortex

**speech problem= aphasia= word slur

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3
Q

where is comprehension of speech located?

A

Wernicke’s area along the arcuate fasciculus between parietal and temporal lobes

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4
Q

what is the mini-mental status exam? (MMSE)

A

emphasize language and orientation.

**less to do w/ executive function and visuo-spatial function

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5
Q

what does CN1 govern? how do you test?

A 
Cn1= olfactory
-test= put various smells up to nose and ask pt. what it is with eyes closed
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6
Q

what does CN2 do?

A

optic nerve–> sensory!

  • info sending to the brain via optic nerve–>lesion may be in chiasma and could get hemiaopia
  • test with O-scope and VF defects
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7
Q

inability to recognize objects is called what? where’s it in the brain?

A
  • Agnosia

- non-dominant parietal lobe

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8
Q

inability to follow orders is called? where is it at?

A

apraxia @ frontal lobe

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9
Q

what’s CN3 do? how do we test for lesions?

A

CN3–oculomotors= motor only!

  • MR, IR, SR, IO, levators
  • disease= eye down & out with ptosis and eyes dilated (parasymp affected)
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10
Q

what’s CN4 do? how do you test?

A

Cn4= trochlear n= MOTOR

  • somatic SO muscle of the eye
  • can ADduct when looking @ nose
  • get diplopia and torticollis w/ lesions
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11
Q

what’s CN5 do? how do you test?

A

trigeminal= sensory AND motor

  • corneal reflex test=sensory
  • masseter muscle (clench teeth to check and jaw-jerk reflex to check UMN) =motor
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12
Q

what’s CN6 do? how do you test?

A

CN6= abducens= motor–> LR muscle for looking out

  • ABduction–> check EOM’s
  • may look ESOtrope if wrong
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13
Q

what’s CN7 do? how do you test?

A

CN7= facial= Sensory&motor

  • motor= expression&lacrimal glands–test= smile w/ teeth to check hemiparesis
  • sensory= 2/3 ant. tongue
  • *Bell’s Palsy= LMN lesion on IPSI side!
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14
Q

what’s CN8 do? how do you test?

A

CN8=vestibulocochlear= mother & sensory= hearing

-test with Weber’s and Rinne test

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15
Q

what’s CN9 & CN10 do and how do you test it?

A 
CN9= glossopharyngeal-M/S
-motor=parotid gland & pharynx
-sensory=carotid body
CN10= vagus- M&S
-uvula movement
-TEST BOTH= open mouth and say AHHH
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16
Q

what’s CN12 and how do you test?

A

CN12= hypoglossal= motor–> tongue!

-test: stick tongue out–> will deviate to the side of the lesion

17
Q

what is the Romberg test? what part of brain is it testing?

A

checks proprioception function (NOT just cerebellar, as cerebellar disease will sway w/ eyes closed or open)
-heels&toes together and close your eyes, can you stand still?

18
Q

What is Adie’d Tonic pupil? what will you see?

A
  • dilated, larger pupils that’s slow rxn to light–parasymp. disease
  • parasymp. neuro disease
  • (+) L-N dissociation (good @ N)
  • (+ Babinski sign= (+) UMN=toes go UP= low deep tendon reflex
  • anhydrosis (sweating)
19
Q

what is Argyll-ROberts disease? How do you separate it from Adie’s Tonic pupil?

A

AR= bilateral miosis (constriction) of pupils

  • (+) L-N dissociation (good @ N)
  • problem on pathway through the EW nucleus
  • due to sphyilis
  • (-) Babinski sign–> deep tendon reflex is OK (vs. Adie’s is bad)
20
Q

what is Horner’s syndrome? what are the 3 signs?

A
  1. ptosis in the bad eye
  2. miosis in the bad eye
  3. anhydrosis
    - sympathetic system disease
    - L-N is GOOD (normal @ light & N)
21
Q

what happens in CN3 palsy?

A
  • eye is down & out & cannot constrict properly
  • parasymp system affected
  • does not properly constrict @ N or with light
  • ptosis in the dilated eye= bad eye
22
Q

how do you test for cerebellum defects? what defects can you get?

A
  • coordination & gaint
  • DEFECTS: ataxia (uncoordination), dysdiadochokinesia ( alternating movements) dysmetria (finger nose test)
  • *cerebellar vermis issue= truncal ataxia (“drunken sailor”)
23
Q

Can you get anisocoria from an afferent pupil problem?

A

No, afferent means info going in is bad, so the info coming out will be equally bad= bilateral issue!

PPO (3 decks)

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