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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which two cranial nerves originate from the cerebrum?

A

The Olfactory nerve (1)

And the Optic nerve (2)

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2
Q

Where do cranial nerves 3-12 arise from?

A

Cranial nerves 3-12 arise from the brain stem

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3
Q

Which cranial nerve exits the skull through the cribiform plate?

A

The Olfactory nerve (1) exits the skull through the cribiform plate

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4
Q

Which cranial nerve exits the skull through the optic canal?

A

The optic nerve (2)

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5
Q

Which cranial nerves exit the skull through the superior orbital fissure?

A

The oculomotor nerve (3)
The trochlear nerve (4)
The ophthalmic nerve (5, 1st division)
The Abducens nerve (6)

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6
Q

Which nerve exits the skull through the foramen rotundum?

A

The maxillary nerve (5, 2nd division)

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7
Q

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (5)?

A

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

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8
Q

Which cranial nerve exits the skull via the foramen ovale?

A

The mandibular nerve (5, 3rd division)

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9
Q

The facial nerve (7) and the vestibulocochlear nerve (8) pass through which foramina?

A

The internal acoustic meatus

The vestibulocochlear nerve doesn’t leave the skull

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10
Q

Which nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

The hypoglossal nerve (12)

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11
Q

Which nerves pass through the jugular foramen?

A

The glosopharyngeal nerve (9)
The vagus nerve (10)
The accessory nerve (11)

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12
Q

What are the four sensory modalities?

A

General somatic sensory - general sensation from the skin
General visceral sensory - general sensation from viscera
Special somatic sensory - senses derived from ectoderm (sight, sound, balance)
Special visceral sensory - senses derived from endoderm (taste, smell)

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13
Q

What are the three motor modalities?

A

General somatic motor - skeletal muscles
General visceral motor - smooth muscle if gut and autonomic motor
Special visceral motor - muscles derived from pharyngeal arches

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14
Q

What is the function and modality of CN1?

A 
CN1= Olfactory nerve 
Function= smell
Modality = Special visceral sensory
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15
Q

What is the function and modality of CN2?

A 
CN2 = Optic nerve
Function = Vision and is the afferent limb for the pupillary light reflex
Modality = Special somatic sensory
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16
Q

What is the function and modality of CN3?

A 
CN3= Oculomotor 
Function = Supplies the extraocular eye muscles (inferior oblique, superior, medial and inferior recti, and levanter palpabrae superioris)(GSM)
Pupillary sphincter (GVM) (the efferent limb for the pupillary light reflex)
Modalities= General somatic motor and General visceral motor
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17
Q

What is the function and modality of CN4?

A 
CN4 = Trochlear 
Function = Innervation of the extraocular superior oblique muscle that assists in depressing and abducting the eye ( medial rotation of the eye)
Modality = General somatic motor
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18
Q

What is the function and modality of CN5?

A 
CN5 = Trigeminal nerve 
Function = sensory innervation of the face (GSS) and innervation of the muscles of mastication (SVM)
Modality= General somatic sensory and Special visceral motor
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19
Q

What is the function and modality of the first division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

1st divison of the trigeminal nerve = ophthalmic
Function= innervates the scalp, forehead and nose (above the lower eyelid)
Modality= General somatic sensory

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20
Q

What is the function and modality of the second division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

The second division of the trigeminal nerve= Maxillary
Function = Sensory innervation of the cheeks, lower eye lid, nasal muscles, upper lip, upper teeth and palate (from lower eyelid to the upper lip)
Modality= General somatic sensory

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21
Q

What is the function and modality of the third division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

The 3rd division of the trigeminal nerve = Mandibular
Function = sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, skin over the mandible, and lower teeth (GSS) (below the lower lip)
Motor innervation to the muscles of mastication (SVM)
Modalities = General somatic sensory and special visceral motor

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22
Q

What is the function and modality of CN6?

A 
CN6 = Abducens 
Function = innervates the lateral rectus for eye abduction 
Modality = General somatic motor
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23
Q

What is the function and modality of CN7?

A

CN7= facial
Function = Sensation from part of the external ear (GSS)
Taste from anterior 2/3 of the tongue, soft and hard palete (SVS)
Muscles of facial expression (SVM)
Parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual, and muscles glands of the nose and mouth (GVM)

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24
Q

What is the function and modality of CN8?

A 
CN8= Vestibulocochlear 
Function = hearing and balance 
Modality= Special somatic sensory
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25
What is the function and modality of CN9?
CN9 = Glossopharyngeal Function = Sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, external ear, and middle ear cavity (GSS) Sensation to the carotid body and sinus (GVS) Taste from posterior 1/3 of the tongue (SVS) Parasympathetic to the parotid gland (GVM) Motor to the Stylopharyngeus muscle (SVM)
26
What is the function and modality of CN10?
CN 10 = Vagus Function = sensation to the external ear, larynx and pharynx (GSS) and to the larynx, pharynx, thoracic and abdominal viscera (GVS) Tastes from the epiglottis region of the tongue (SVS) Innervation of the smooth muscles of the pharynx, larynx and majority of the GI tract (GVM) and the muscles of the pharynx and larynx (SVM)
27
What is the function and modality of CN11?
CN11= Spinal accessory nerve Function = Innervation of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid (GSM) A few fibres run with CN10 to viscera (SVM)
28
What is the function and modality of CN12?
``` CN12= hypoglossal Function = intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (except the paraglossus) Modality = General somatic motor ```
29
What the muscles innervated by the oculomotor nerve?
The extraocular muscles The inferior oblique The superior, medial and inferior recti The levator palpebrae superioris
30
What does damage to the oculomotor nerve cause?
Down and out eye
31
What does a lower motor neurone facial nerve lesion cause?
Upper and lower facial paralysis
32
What does an upper motor neurone facial nerve lesion cause?
Lower face paralysis
33
How do you examine cranial nerve 1?
Screen for changes to smell and taste: Have you noticed any changes to your smell or taste? Ask the patient to close their eyes and identify a strong smelling substance
34
What is anosmia?
Loss of smell
35
What commonly causes anosmia in younger patients? (it is a common phenomena in elderly life)
Severe upper respiratory tract infection - inflammation damage to olfactory nerve cells and regenerative nasal cells leading to loss of smell Trauma - shearing of the olfactory nerve cells Chronic rhinosinitus - chronic inflammatory damage to the nasal cells leading to a loss of regenerative ability Menigioma in the anterior cranial fossa causing unilateral optic atrophy with papilloedema and unilateral anosmia
36
Which movement of the eye are controlled by the oculomotor Nerve?
Upper branch of the oculomotor nerve: Levator palpebrae superioris- elevates the upper eyelid Superior rectus - elevates the globe Inferior branch of the oculomotor nervem Medial rectus - adducts the globe Inferior rectus - depresses the globe Inferior oblique - abduct, elevates, and extort (laterally rotate) the globe
37
Presentation of diabetic ophthalmolplegia
Ischaemic injury to the motor fibres of the oculomotor nerve but the parasympathetic fibres are left intact = down and out eyes with ptosis and normal reactive pupils
38
Presentation of an aneurysm from the internal carotid artery
Small aneurysm = impacts superficial parasympathetic oculomotor fibres but lease the motor fibres intact = dilated pupils with loss of accommodation reflex but intact extraocular muscle movement As the aneurysm gets bigger motor fibres will become involved and ptosis and opthalmoplegia will accompany
39
Which nerves are responsible for the gag reflex?
Afferent nerve - glossopharyngeal nerve | Efferent nerve - Vagus nerve
40
CN 1
Olfactory
41
Olfactory nerve
Cranial nerve I
42
CNII
Optic
43
Optic nerve
Cranial nerve II
44
CNIII
Oculomotor
45
Oculomotor
CNIII
46
CNIV
Trochlear
47
Trochlear
Cranial nerve IV
48
CNV
Trigeminal
49
Trigeminal nerve
Cranial nerve V
50
CNVI
Abducens
51
Abducens
Cranial nerve VI
52
CNVII
Facial
53
Facial
Cranial nerve VII
54
CNVIII
Vestibulocochlear
55
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Cranial nerve VIII
56
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Cranial nerve IX
57
CNIX
Glossopharyngeal
58
CNX
Vagus
59
Vagus nerve
CNX
60
CNXI
Accessory nerve
61
Accessory nerve
Cranial nerve XI
62
CNXII
Hypoglossal
63
Hypoglossal nerve
Cranial nerve XII
64
Which reflex tests the trigeminal and facial nerve?
The corneal reflex - touching the cornea with cotton wool to induce a blink Afferent fibres - trigeminal Efferent fibres - facial

Cranial Nerves (1 decks)

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