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Cranial Nerves > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which two cranial nerves originate from the cerebrum?

A

The Olfactory nerve (1)

And the Optic nerve (2)

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2
Q

Where do cranial nerves 3-12 arise from?

A

Cranial nerves 3-12 arise from the brain stem

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3
Q

Which cranial nerve exits the skull through the cribiform plate?

A

The Olfactory nerve (1) exits the skull through the cribiform plate

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4
Q

Which cranial nerve exits the skull through the optic canal?

A

The optic nerve (2)

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5
Q

Which cranial nerves exit the skull through the superior orbital fissure?

A

The oculomotor nerve (3)
The trochlear nerve (4)
The ophthalmic nerve (5, 1st division)
The Abducens nerve (6)

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6
Q

Which nerve exits the skull through the foramen rotundum?

A

The maxillary nerve (5, 2nd division)

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7
Q

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (5)?

A

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

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8
Q

Which cranial nerve exits the skull via the foramen ovale?

A

The mandibular nerve (5, 3rd division)

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9
Q

The facial nerve (7) and the vestibulocochlear nerve (8) pass through which foramina?

A

The internal acoustic meatus

The vestibulocochlear nerve doesn’t leave the skull

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10
Q

Which nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

The hypoglossal nerve (12)

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11
Q

Which nerves pass through the jugular foramen?

A

The glosopharyngeal nerve (9)
The vagus nerve (10)
The accessory nerve (11)

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12
Q

What are the four sensory modalities?

A

General somatic sensory - general sensation from the skin
General visceral sensory - general sensation from viscera
Special somatic sensory - senses derived from ectoderm (sight, sound, balance)
Special visceral sensory - senses derived from endoderm (taste, smell)

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13
Q

What are the three motor modalities?

A

General somatic motor - skeletal muscles
General visceral motor - smooth muscle if gut and autonomic motor
Special visceral motor - muscles derived from pharyngeal arches

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14
Q

What is the function and modality of CN1?

A 
CN1= Olfactory nerve 
Function= smell
Modality = Special visceral sensory
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15
Q

What is the function and modality of CN2?

A 
CN2 = Optic nerve
Function = Vision and is the afferent limb for the pupillary light reflex
Modality = Special somatic sensory
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16
Q

What is the function and modality of CN3?

A 
CN3= Oculomotor 
Function = Supplies the extraocular eye muscles (inferior oblique, superior, medial and inferior recti, and levanter palpabrae superioris)(GSM)
Pupillary sphincter (GVM) (the efferent limb for the pupillary light reflex)
Modalities= General somatic motor and General visceral motor
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17
Q

What is the function and modality of CN4?

A 
CN4 = Trochlear 
Function = Innervation of the extraocular superior oblique muscle that assists in depressing and abducting the eye ( medial rotation of the eye)
Modality = General somatic motor
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18
Q

What is the function and modality of CN5?

A 
CN5 = Trigeminal nerve 
Function = sensory innervation of the face (GSS) and innervation of the muscles of mastication (SVM)
Modality= General somatic sensory and Special visceral motor
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19
Q

What is the function and modality of the first division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

1st divison of the trigeminal nerve = ophthalmic
Function= innervates the scalp, forehead and nose (above the lower eyelid)
Modality= General somatic sensory

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20
Q

What is the function and modality of the second division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

The second division of the trigeminal nerve= Maxillary
Function = Sensory innervation of the cheeks, lower eye lid, nasal muscles, upper lip, upper teeth and palate (from lower eyelid to the upper lip)
Modality= General somatic sensory

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21
Q

What is the function and modality of the third division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

The 3rd division of the trigeminal nerve = Mandibular
Function = sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, skin over the mandible, and lower teeth (GSS) (below the lower lip)
Motor innervation to the muscles of mastication (SVM)
Modalities = General somatic sensory and special visceral motor

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22
Q

What is the function and modality of CN6?

A 
CN6 = Abducens 
Function = innervates the lateral rectus for eye abduction 
Modality = General somatic motor
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23
Q

What is the function and modality of CN7?

A

CN7= facial
Function = Sensation from part of the external ear (GSS)
Taste from anterior 2/3 of the tongue, soft and hard palete (SVS)
Muscles of facial expression (SVM)
Parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual, and muscles glands of the nose and mouth (GVM)

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24
Q

What is the function and modality of CN8?

A 
CN8= Vestibulocochlear 
Function = hearing and balance 
Modality= Special somatic sensory
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25
Q

What is the function and modality of CN9?

A

CN9 = Glossopharyngeal
Function = Sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, external ear, and middle ear cavity (GSS)
Sensation to the carotid body and sinus (GVS)
Taste from posterior 1/3 of the tongue (SVS)
Parasympathetic to the parotid gland (GVM)
Motor to the Stylopharyngeus muscle (SVM)

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26
Q

What is the function and modality of CN10?

A

CN 10 = Vagus
Function = sensation to the external ear, larynx and pharynx (GSS) and to the larynx, pharynx, thoracic and abdominal viscera (GVS)
Tastes from the epiglottis region of the tongue (SVS)
Innervation of the smooth muscles of the pharynx, larynx and majority of the GI tract (GVM) and the muscles of the pharynx and larynx (SVM)

27
Q

What is the function and modality of CN11?

A

CN11= Spinal accessory nerve
Function = Innervation of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid (GSM)
A few fibres run with CN10 to viscera (SVM)

28
Q

What is the function and modality of CN12?

A 
CN12= hypoglossal 
Function = intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (except the paraglossus)
Modality = General somatic motor
29
Q

What the muscles innervated by the oculomotor nerve?

A

The extraocular muscles
The inferior oblique
The superior, medial and inferior recti
The levator palpebrae superioris

30
Q

What does damage to the oculomotor nerve cause?

A

Down and out eye

31
Q

What does a lower motor neurone facial nerve lesion cause?

A

Upper and lower facial paralysis

32
Q

What does an upper motor neurone facial nerve lesion cause?

A

Lower face paralysis

33
Q

How do you examine cranial nerve 1?

A

Screen for changes to smell and taste: Have you noticed any changes to your smell or taste?

Ask the patient to close their eyes and identify a strong smelling substance

34
Q

What is anosmia?

A

Loss of smell

35
Q

What commonly causes anosmia in younger patients? (it is a common phenomena in elderly life)

A

Severe upper respiratory tract infection - inflammation damage to olfactory nerve cells and regenerative nasal cells leading to loss of smell

Trauma - shearing of the olfactory nerve cells

Chronic rhinosinitus - chronic inflammatory damage to the nasal cells leading to a loss of regenerative ability

Menigioma in the anterior cranial fossa causing unilateral optic atrophy with papilloedema and unilateral anosmia

36
Q

Which movement of the eye are controlled by the oculomotor Nerve?

A

Upper branch of the oculomotor nerve:
Levator palpebrae superioris- elevates the upper eyelid
Superior rectus - elevates the globe

Inferior branch of the oculomotor nervem
Medial rectus - adducts the globe
Inferior rectus - depresses the globe
Inferior oblique - abduct, elevates, and extort (laterally rotate) the globe

37
Q

Presentation of diabetic ophthalmolplegia

A

Ischaemic injury to the motor fibres of the oculomotor nerve but the parasympathetic fibres are left intact = down and out eyes with ptosis and normal reactive pupils

38
Q

Presentation of an aneurysm from the internal carotid artery

A

Small aneurysm = impacts superficial parasympathetic oculomotor fibres but lease the motor fibres intact = dilated pupils with loss of accommodation reflex but intact extraocular muscle movement
As the aneurysm gets bigger motor fibres will become involved and ptosis and opthalmoplegia will accompany

39
Q

Which nerves are responsible for the gag reflex?

A

Afferent nerve - glossopharyngeal nerve

Efferent nerve - Vagus nerve

40
Q

CN 1

A

Olfactory

41
Q

Olfactory nerve

A

Cranial nerve I

42
Q

CNII

A

Optic

43
Q

Optic nerve

A

Cranial nerve II

44
Q

CNIII

A

Oculomotor

45
Q

Oculomotor

A

CNIII

46
Q

CNIV

A

Trochlear

47
Q

Trochlear

A

Cranial nerve IV

48
Q

CNV

A

Trigeminal

49
Q

Trigeminal nerve

A

Cranial nerve V

50
Q

CNVI

A

Abducens

51
Q

Abducens

A

Cranial nerve VI

52
Q

CNVII

A

Facial

53
Q

Facial

A

Cranial nerve VII

54
Q

CNVIII

A

Vestibulocochlear

55
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Cranial nerve VIII

56
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Cranial nerve IX

57
Q

CNIX

A

Glossopharyngeal

58
Q

CNX

A

Vagus

59
Q

Vagus nerve

A

CNX

60
Q

CNXI

A

Accessory nerve

61
Q

Accessory nerve

A

Cranial nerve XI

62
Q

CNXII

A

Hypoglossal

63
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A

Cranial nerve XII

64
Q

Which reflex tests the trigeminal and facial nerve?

A

The corneal reflex - touching the cornea with cotton wool to induce a blink
Afferent fibres - trigeminal
Efferent fibres - facial

Cranial Nerves (1 decks)

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