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PCE - Neuroanatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN I?

A

Olfactory nerve

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2
Q

How do you test CN I?

A

introduce non-irritating smells to one nostril at a time

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3
Q

What occurs if CN I is damaged?

A

Anosmia - inability to detect smells

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4
Q

Anosmis is seen with what 2 lesions

A

CN I and temporal lobe

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5
Q

CN II ?

A

Optic nerve

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6
Q

How do you test CN II

A

Snellen chart for visual acuity (reading with one eye covered), peripheral vision testing

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7
Q

What occurs if CNII is damaged?

A

can cause blindness, or homonymous hemianopia (hemianopia visual field loss on the same side of both eyes, occurs because the right half of the brain has visual pathways for the left hemifield of both eyes, and the left half of the brain has visual pathways for the right hemifield of both eyes)

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8
Q

CN III?

A

Oculomotor nerve (pupillary reflexes)

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9
Q

What are the motor innervations of CN III

A
  • inferior oblique muscle
  • medial, superior and inferior rectus muscles (move the eye)
  • levator palpebrae (elevates eyelid)
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10
Q

Test for CN III

A

look at pupil size, shape, and equality, pupillary light reflex, follow examiners fingers in “H” pattern

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11
Q

Damage in CN III results in?

A
  • can cause absence of pupillary constriction, dilation, or unequal pupils
  • Horner’s syndrome (combination of drooping of the eyelid (ptosis) and constriction of the pupil (miosis)
  • sometimes accompanied by decreased sweating of the face on the same side; redness of the conjunctiva of the eye often present
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12
Q

What is CN IV

A

Trochlear

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13
Q

Motor innervation of CN IV?

A

Superior oblique

moves eye inferiorly and laterally

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14
Q

Test for CN IV?

A

H test

isolated eye movements (smooth pursuit)

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15
Q

Damage to CN IV results in…

A

eye cannot look down when adducted

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16
Q

CN V?

A

Trigeminal

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17
Q

3 branches of CN V?

A

V1: Opthalamic - sensory
V2: Maxillary -sensory
V3: Mandibular - sensory and motor

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18
Q

What does the opthalamic branch of CN V innervate?

A

sensory for scalp and forehead

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19
Q

What does the Maxillary branch of CN V innervate?

A

sensory for cheeks, upper lip, etc.

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20
Q

What does the mandibular branch of CN V innervate?

A

sensory for lower lip, chin, jaw, motor muscles of mastication

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21
Q

How do you test CN V

A

pain and light touch sensation of face (forehead, cheeks, jaw), open and close against resistance (clench teeth), test corneal and jaw jerk reflex

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22
Q

Damage to CN V result in..

A

numbness and sensory loss of the face, loss of ipsilateral corneal reflex, weakness and wasting of muscles of mastication, jaw deviation when opened to ipsilateral side

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23
Q

What is CN VI

A

Abducens nerve

24
Q

What is the motor innervation of CN VI and it’s action

A

lateral rectus m.

Abducts eye

25
Q

How do you test CN VI

A

observe eye position

26
Q

Damage to CN VI results in

A

eye pulled inward, cannot look out

27
Q

What is CN VII

A

Facial nerve

28
Q

What is the sensory function of CNVII

A

taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

29
Q

What is the motor function of CNVII

A

Muscles of facial expression

30
Q

What is the autonomic function of CN VII

A

Parasympathetic control of lacrimal, nasal mucosal, submandibular, and sublingual glands

31
Q

How do you test CN VII

A

motor function of facial muscles looking for asymmetry (ie. raise eyebrows, frown, smile, close eyes tightly, puff cheeks, etc.)

32
Q

Damage to CN VII results in…

A

Bell’s palsy (peripheral nerve injury) - inability to close eye, droopy corner of mouth, difficulty speaking

33
Q

What is the effect on facial expression of an LMN lesion

A

whole ipsilateral side of face is affected

34
Q

What is the effect on facial expression of an UMN lesion

A

Only the contralateral lower half of face

35
Q

What is CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear - hearing

36
Q

What is the sensory function of CNVIII

A

hearing (cochlear branch)

linear and angular acceleration or head position in space (vestibular branch) to maintain balance and gaze stability

37
Q

How do you test CN VIII

A

Examine balance, gaze instability with head rotations, auditory acuity (Weber’s test)

38
Q

What is the result of damage to CN VIII

A 
Vertigo 
Disequilibrium 
Nystagmus 
Deafness 
Tinnitus 
Hearing loss
39
Q

What is CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

40
Q

What is the sensory function of CN IX

A

touch and taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue, visceral sensory from carotid bodies

41
Q

What is the motor function of CN IX

A 
pharyngeal muscle (swallowing) 
aids in phonation (voice quality)
42
Q

What is the autonomic function of CN IX

A

increase secretion from the parotid salivary gland

43
Q

How do you test CN IX

A

listen to voice quality, test for difficulty swallowing
observe soft palate while patient says “ah” (observe for uvular deviation)
examine gag reflex (touch back of throat)

44
Q

What is the result of damage to CN IX

A

dysphonia (hoarse or nasal voice)
dysphagia
absent gag reflex

45
Q

What is CN X

A

Vagus nerve

46
Q

Sensory function of CN X

A

Visceral sensation (excluding pain)

47
Q

What is the motor function of CN X

A

pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles and muscles at the base of the tongue
elevates the soft palate, controls position of uvula
gag reflex

48
Q

What is the autonomic function of CN X

A

smooth muscle/glands of the heart, lungs, larynx, trachea, and most abdominal organs

49
Q

CN X TEST??

A

Notes were unclear - maybe: listen to voice quality, test for difficulty swallowing, observe soft palate while patient says “ah” (observe for uvular deviation), examine gag reflex (touch back of throat)

50
Q

What is CN XI

A

Accessory nerve

51
Q

What is the motor function of CN XI

A

Trapezius and SCM

52
Q

How do you test CN XI

A

examine muscle bulk, MMT of Trapezius and SCM

53
Q

What occurs if CNXI is damaged

A

atrophy
fasciculations
inability to shrug ipsilateral shoulder (traps) or inability to turn head to contralateral side (SCM)

54
Q

What is CN XII

A

Hypoglossal nerve (tongue movement

55
Q

What is the motor innervation of CN XII

A

Intrinsics and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

56
Q

How do you Test CN XII

A

Protrude tongue and observe for deviations

57
Q

What occurs if there is damage to CN XII

A

dysarthria or deviation of tongue to the weak side

PCE - Neuroanatomy (7 decks)

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