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SEM3 ANATOMY > CRANIAL NERVES > Flashcards

CRANIAL NERVES Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of GSA nerve fibres?

A

general sensation from skin and skeletal muscle of head and neck

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2
Q

what is the function of GVA nerve fibres?

A

receive sensory information from organs/viscera e.g. chemorecptors and baroreceptors

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3
Q

what is the function of SSA nerve fibres?

A

hearing and balance

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4
Q

what is the function of SVA nerve fibres?

A

taste

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5
Q

what is the function of GSE nerve fibres?

A

lower motor neurones

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6
Q

what is the function of GVE nerve fibres?

A

fibres with parasympathetic secretomotor function to glands and smooth muscle

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7
Q

what is the function of SVE nerve fibres?

A

fibres supplying muscles of the pharyngeal arches

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8
Q

what 3 nuclei make up the trigeminal sensory nucleus?

A

mesencephalic nucleus
primary sensory/chief nucleus
spinal nucleus

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9
Q

what part of the trigeminal sensory nucleus is responsible for sensing touch, pain, temperature and pressure?

A

spinal nucleus

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10
Q

what part of the trigeminal sensory nuclei is responsible for sensing touch and proprioception?

A

principle sensory nucleus

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11
Q

what part of the trigeminal sensory nucleus is responsible for sensing only proprioception?

A

mesencephalic nucleus

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12
Q

what cranial nerve delivers parasympathetic secretomotor function to the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

chorda tympani branch of facial nerve

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13
Q

what cranial nerve delivers parasympathetic secretomotor function to the lacrimal gland?

A

greater petrosal branch of facial nerve

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14
Q

what cranial nerve delivers parasympathetic secretomotor function to the parotid glands?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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15
Q

what cranial nerve innverates the stapedius muscle?

A

facial (via nerve to stapedius)

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16
Q

what cranial nerve innervates the tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini muscles?

A

mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

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17
Q

the infraorbital nerve is a branch of which cranial nerve?

A

maxillary nerve (branch of trigeminal)

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18
Q

what are the terminal branches of the mandibular nerve?

A

buccal
inferior alveolar
auriculotemporal
lingual

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19
Q

what are the functions of the facial nerve? (5 functions)

A 
general sensation to external ear
parasympathetic supply to submandibular, sublingual and lacrimal glands
motor to muscles of facial expression
taste (anterior two thirds of tongue)
motor to stapedius
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20
Q

what two cranial nerves pass through the internal auditory meatus?

A

facial nerve

vestibocochlear nerve

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21
Q

which cranial nerves leave the brainstem at the level of the midbrain?

A

oculomotor

trochlear

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22
Q

which cranial nerve leaves the brainstem at the level of the pons?

A

trigeminal

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23
Q

which cranial nerves leave the brainstem at the level of the ponto-medullary junction?

A

abducens
facial
vestibocochlear

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24
Q

which cranial nerves leave the brainstem at the level of the medulla?

A

glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory spinal
hypoglossal

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25
Q

what are the 4 functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

motor to stylopharyngeus
parasympathetic to parotid glands
general sensation of middle ear cavity and pharynx
taste to posterior third of the tongue

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26
Q

what branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the middle ear cavity?

A

Tympanic branch

27
Q

what are the 5 functions of the vagus nerve?

A 
sensory from organs/viscera
parasympathetic to organs/viscera
motor to palatoglossus (tongue)
taste from route of tongue/epiglottis
motor to muscles of pharynx and larynx
28
Q

what nerve travels through the carotid sheath with the common carotid artery?

A

vagus nerve

29
Q

the right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves loop under which vessels respectively?

A

right - subclavian

left - aorta

30
Q

through which diaphragmatic hiatus does the vagus nerve enter the abdomen?

A

oesophageal hiatus (T10)

31
Q

the hypoglossal nerve innervates all muscles of the tongue, barring which one?

A

palatoglossus

innervated by vagus nerve

32
Q

what two muscles does the hypoglossal nerve pass between en route to the oral cavity?

A

mylohyoid and hyoglossus

33
Q

what are the 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
transverse
vertical

34
Q

what are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

genioglossus
hyoglossus
styloglossus
palatoglossus (NOT INNERVATED BY HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE)

35
Q

what cranial nerves travel through the anterior cranial fossa?

A

I and II

36
Q

what cranial nerves travel through the middle cranial fossa?

A

III, IV, V1, V2, V3, VI

37
Q

what cranial nerves travel through the posterior cranial fossa?

A

VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

38
Q

what cranial nerves travel through the superior orbital fissure?

A

oculomotor
trochlear
abducens
V1 (opthalmic)

39
Q

what branch of which cranial nerve travels through the foramen rotundum?

A

maxillary nerve

40
Q

what branch of which cranial nerve travels through the foramen ovale?

A

mandibular nerve

41
Q

what cranial nerve travels through the stylomastoid foramen?

A

facial nerve

42
Q

which cranial nerves leave the skull via the jugular foramen?

A

glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory spinal

43
Q

which 5 cranial nerves run through the cavernous sinus?

A 
oculomotor nerve
trochlear nerve
ophthalmic nerve (V1)
maxillary nerve (V2)
abducens nerve
44
Q

what cranial nerve pierces the dura mater at the clivus?

A

abducens

45
Q

out of those cranial nerves that enter the cavernous sinus, which of them does not run in its lateral wall?

A

abducens- runs alongside common carotid artery

46
Q

which cranial nerve provides only unilateral motor innervation

A

hypoglossal nerve

47
Q

what cranial nerve provides both bilateral and unilateral motor innervation?

A

facial nerve

48
Q

what is the pattern of innervation for the majority of cranial motor nerves?

A

bilateral (nerve fibres from both cerebral cortices supply each nucleus)

49
Q

If a patient had weakness in any muscle of the face (apart from glossal muscles), where is the lesion likely to be?

A

lower motor neurone lesion

UMN would cause no effect due to bilateral innervation

50
Q

if a patient had a lesion in a 1st order sensory neurone, what side of the body are symptoms likely to be seen?

A

Ipsilateral side to the lesion

51
Q

if a patient had a lesion in a 2nd/3rd order sensory neurone, what side of the body are symptoms likely to be seen?

A

contralateral side to the lesion, due to decussation in brainstem after 1st order neurone has synapsed with the second order neurone

52
Q

what are the afferent and efferent limbs of the corneal reflex?

A

afferent - ophthalmic nerve

efferent - temporal and zygomatic divisions of facial nerve

53
Q

what is the name of the ganglion that is associated with the parasympathetic functions of the oculomotor nerve?

A

cilary ganglion

54
Q

what is the name of the ganglion that is associated with the parasympathetic functions of the facial nerve? (2 answers)

A

submandibular and sublingual - submandibular ganglion

lacrimal - pteryopalatine ganglion

55
Q

what is the name of the ganglion that is associated with the parasympathetic functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

otic ganglion

56
Q

when assessing movement of the uvula you notice it deviates to the left side. On which side is the lesion likely to be located?

A

Uvula deviates away from the side of the lesion, therefore lesion likely to be in RIGHT LMN

(same for soft palate)

57
Q

when assessing movement of the tongue you notice it deviates to the left side. On which side is the lesion likely to be located?

A

tongue deviates towards lesion, therefore lesion likely to be on LEFT side

58
Q

Where do 2nd order neurones of sensory cranial nerves decussate?

A

In brainstem upstream of the trigeminal sensory nucleus

59
Q

what is the name of the tract that 2nd order sensory cranial nerves ascend in?

Where do these 2nd order neurones terminate?

A

trigeminothalamic tract

VP nucleus of thalamus

60
Q

what is the name of the sensory ganglion associated with the facial nerve?

A

geniculate ganglion

61
Q

what cranial nerve innervates the mylohoid and anterior belly of digastric?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

62
Q

what cranial nerve innervates the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and stylohyoid?

A

facial nerve

63
Q

what nerve innervates the external surface of the auricle of the ear?

A

facial nerve

SEM3 ANATOMY (8 decks)

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