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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What cranial nerves are part of the CNS? Which are part of the PNS

A

1-2 CNS

3-12- PNS

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2
Q

What is the location of the Olfactory nerve?

A

Location: From nasal mucosa, merge with olfactory bulbs (OB), olfactory tracts (Olf.T) extensions of the telencephalon.

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3
Q

What is the foramen of the Olfactory nerve?

A

Cribriform plate (CP)

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4
Q

What is the function of the Olfactory nerve?

A

Special sensory. Smell (olfaction)

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5
Q

What is the test for the Olfactory nerve function?

A

Offer a familiar smelling item (orange

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6
Q

What is the location of the Optic nerve?

A

Extension of the diencephalon

Emerges from retina, to optic chiasma, to optic tract (OT) and diencephalon

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7
Q

What is the foramen of the Optic nerve?

A

Optic canal

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8
Q

What is the function of the Optic nerve?

A

special sensory. Vision

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9
Q

What is the test for the Optic nerve function?

A

Various visual tests

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10
Q

What is the location of the Oculomotor nerve?

A

Pontomesencephalic junction

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11
Q

What is the foramen of the Oculomotor nerve?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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12
Q

What is the function of the Oculomotor nerve?

A

Somatic motor to four extraocular muscles

Visceral motor to ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae

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13
Q

What is the test for the Oculomotor nerve function?

A

Follow finger test

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14
Q

What is the location of the Trochlear nerve?

A

Dorsal midbrain

Only N to emerge on this side

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15
Q

What is the foramen of the Trochlear nerve?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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16
Q

What is the function of the Trochlear nerve?

A

Somatic motor to superior oblique (SO4)

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17
Q

What is the test for the Trochlear nerve function?

A

Follow finger test

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18
Q

What is the location of the Abducens nerve?

A

Pontomedullary junction

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19
Q

What is the foramen of the Abducens nerve?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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20
Q

What is the function of the Abducens nerve?

A

Somatic motor lateral rectus (LR6)

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21
Q

What is the test for the Abducens nerve function?

A

Follow finger test

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22
Q

What is the location of the V1: Ophthalmic division nerve?

A

Pons

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23
Q

What is the foramen of the V1: Ophthalmic division nerve?

A

Superior orbital fissure (SOF)

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24
Q

What is the function of the V1: Ophthalmic division nerve?

A

: Somatic sensation from upper face (above eye)

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25
Q

What is the test for the V1: Ophthalmic division nerve function?

A

Cotton wool bud on forehead and corneal reflex test

26
Q

What is the location of the V2: Maxillary division nerve?

27
Q

What is the foramen of the V2: Maxillary division nerve?

A

Foramen rotundum (FR)

28
Q

What is the function of the V2: Maxillary division nerve?

A

Somatic sensation from middle face (between eye and mouth)

29
Q

What is the test for the V2:Maxillary nerve function?

A

Cotton wool bud on cheek

30
Q

What is the location of the V3: Mandibular division nerve?

31
Q

What is the foramen of the V3: Mandibular division nerve?

A

Foramen ovale (FO)

32
Q

What is the function of the V3: Mandibular division nerve?

A

Somatic sensation from lower face mandible and anterior 2/3 tongue.
Somatic motor to muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, others.

33
Q

What is the test for the V3: Mandibular division nerve function?

A

Cotton wool bud on jaw. Clench teeth and feel for muscle mass. Jaw jerk reflex.

34
Q

What are the 4 ganglia Associated with the trigeminal nerve ?

A

Ciliary- Pupil constriction (Sphincter pupillae
Pterygopalatine- Lacrimation (lacrimal gland)
Submandibular- Salivation (Salivary glands)
Submandibular
Sublingual
Otic: Salivation Parotid

All of these autonomic fibres pass from their ganglia to the respective organ by “piggy-backing” on branches of the trigeminal nerve. (Head and neck only

35
Q

What is the location of the Facial nerve?

A

Cerebellopontine angle

36
Q

What is the foramen of the Facial nerve?

A

Internal acoustic meatus (enter), stylomastoid foramen (exit)

37
Q

What is the function of the Facial nerve?

A

Somatic motor to muscles of facial expression, stapedius muscle, post. belly of digastric
special sensory as taste to anterior 2/3rds tongue (chorda tympani),
visceral motor (parasympathetic) to all glands except parotid

38
Q

What is the test for the Facial nerve function?

A

Facial movements

39
Q

What is the location of the Vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Cerebellopontine angle

40
Q

What is the foramen of the Vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Internal acoustic meatus (IAM)

41
Q

What is the function of the Vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Special sensory. Hearing & Balance

42
Q

What is the test for the Vestibulocochlear nerve function?

A

Bedside hearing tests (Rinne’s and Weber’s test)

43
Q

What is the location of the Glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Posterolateral sulcus of medulla, lateral to olives

44
Q

What is the foramen of the Glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Jugular foramen

45
Q

What is the function of the Glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

: Somatic motor for swallowing,
visceral motor (parasympathetic) to parotid,
special sensory for taste to posterior 1/3rd tongue, somatic sensory to middle ear, pharynx, posterior 1/3rd tongue
visceral sensation from carotid body and carotid sinus monitoring O2 and BP

46
Q

What is the test for the Glossopharyngeal nerve function?

A

Gag reflex

47
Q

What is the location of the Vagus nerve?

A

Posterolateral sulcus of medulla, lateral to olives

48
Q

What is the foramen of the Vagus nerve?

A

Jugular foramen

49
Q

What is the function of the Vagus nerve?

A

Somatic motor to muscles of pharynx and larynx, muscles of soft palate (uvula)
visceral motor (parasympathetic) to thoracic and GI tract, and visceral sensory
special sensory taste from epiglottis and palate.
Somatic sensation from epiglottis, skin of external ear, larynx

50
Q

What is the test for the Vagus nerve function?

A

Speaking, movement of uvula

51
Q

What is the location of the Accessory nerve?

A

Caudal medulla and rostral spinal cord

52
Q

What is the foramen of the Accessory nerve?

A

Jugular foramen

53
Q

What is the function of the Accessory nerve?

A

Somatic motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

54
Q

What is the test for the Accessory function?

A

Shrug shoulder and rotate head

55
Q

What is the location of the Hypoglossal nerve?

A

Anterolateral sulcus (between pyramid and olives)

56
Q

What is the foramen of the Hypoglossal nerve?

A

Hypoglossal canal

57
Q

What is the function of the Hypoglossal nerve?

A

Somatic motor to muscles of tongue

58
Q

What is the test for the Hypoglossal nerve function?

A

Protrude tongue

59
Q

What is the presentation of Hypoglossal nerve paralysis?

A

Innervation of extrinsic muscles (change shape and direction) of tongue is contralateral
Therefore Deviation of the tongue occurs toward the paralysed side

60
Q

What is a CN nerve nuclei?

A

A nucleus is a functional group of neurons within the CNS
Located within the tegmentum of the brainstem
Found in all brainstem parts (midbrain, pons and medulla)
Generally two types of cranial nerve nuclei:
Sensory:
Receives information from fibres entering brainstem in cranial nerves
Synapse here and send fibres to appropriate higher centre
Motor:
Receives motor information from higher centre
Give rise to motor fibres that leave the brainstem in cranial nerves

For each fibre type there is a corresponding nucleus e.g:
Oculomotor nerve (CN III) carries 2 types of fibres. Therefore, two nuclei in midbrain
Somatic motor fibres to – extraocular muscles
Visceral motor (autonomic) fibres to –
sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles

61
Q

Are sensory nuclei or motor nuclei more lateral?

A

Sensory nuclei are located lateral
Motor nuclei are located medial

Nuclei are in the tegmentum layer

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