Cranial Nerves Flashcards
what are normal changes in swallowing processes as one ages?
- reduced smell and taste
- longer oral transit times
- reduced tongue mobility
- pharyngeal delay
what 5 cranial nerves are involved in the process of swallowing?
CN5 trigeminal 7 facial 9 glossopharyngeal 10 vagus 12 hypoglossal
how would you SEE if something was wrong with the trigeminal nerve?
there would be reduced mastication
reduced bolus preperation
what sensory and motor outputs are involved in the facial nerve?
sensory: 2/3 of taste and sensation of soft palate
motor: facial muscles moving e.g. orbicularis oris
how would you SEE if there was a facial nerve weakness?
poor oral containment
reduced elevation of the hyoid
what would you infer from poor facial weakness?
poor oral containment of bolus
what does the glossopharyngeal nerve do in relation to swallowing?
it is incredibly important in swallowing as it innervates the
- stylopharyngeus
- superior pharyngeal constrictors (aiding velopharyngeal closure)
what would you infer from damage to the CN9?
- reduced pharyngeal constriction
- post swallow residue
- decreased bpt to ppw approximation
what does CN12 do?
controls lingual movement
what would you infer from weak lingual movement?
poor bolus control, premature spilling, decreased movement of BoT to PPW,
vallecular residue
how many branches are there of the trigeminal nerve and what ones are sensory/motor?
ophthalmic and maxillary are sensory
mandibular is motor
which two muscles depress the jaw (mastication) and elevate the larynx
- innervated by the trigeminal nerve -
anterior digastric
mylohyoid
what can you infer from damage to CN5?
reduced hyolaryngeal excursion
displacement of the hyoid and larynx
what two extrinsic suprahyoid muscles does the facial nerve innervate?
the posterior digastric muscle
stylohyoid
what are the three motor branches of the vagus nerve?
pharyngeal branch
superior laryngeal branch
recurrent laryngeal branch
what does the vagus nerve innervate?
- swallowing muscles
pharyngeal constrictors
levator veli palatini - intrinsic laryngeal muscles
what can you see from damage to CN10?
wouldn’t see much but can hear if cough is working and hear dysphonia
what can you infer from damage to CN10?
reduced capacity for airway protection
what will you see if the hypoglossal nerve is damaged?
poor tongue movement/deviation/palsy
what can you infer from damage to CN12?
poor bolus control
decreased tongue stripping and bot to ppw approximation
