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Dysphagia > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

From where do cranial nerves receive input?

A

From the cortex and nuclei in brainstem, exit through foramen. They run together with cranial nerves or cervical nerves.

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2
Q

Where do the cranial nerves exit the CNS?

A

Through the foramen.

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3
Q

What other nerves do cranial nerves run with?

A

They run with other cervical and cranial nerves.

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4
Q

where are upper motor neurons located?

A

cortex

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5
Q

How does upper motor neuron damage affect function?

A

Because there is bilateral input from the cortex, unilateral (damage on one side) damage doesn’t affect function.

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6
Q

What is the result of lower motor neuron damage?

A

paralysis of muscles on the affected side and loss of sense on affected side. Will see the effect unilaterally.

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7
Q

What does Cranial Nerve 5 (Trigeminal) provide sensation to?

A

face, scalp, oral and nasal mucous membrane, teeth, tympanic membrane. Ant 2/3 of tongue

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8
Q

What are the branches of CN 5 Trigeminal?

A

opthalmic, maxillary, Mandibular branch. Top 2/3 are sensory only, lower 1/3 is motor and sensory.

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9
Q

Where are lower motor neurons located?

A

In the brain stem or upper cervical spinal cord. Come out of brainstem and go into muslces on the SAME side.

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10
Q

To what muscles does CN 5 provide motor innervation ?

A

Masseter, ABD, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, mylohyoid, temporalis, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani

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11
Q

What are the the motor branches of CN 7?

A

There are 5 motor branches: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical.

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12
Q

To what muscles does CN 7 (Facial) provide motor innervation?

A

Motor control to all face muscles (frontalis, orbicularis oris, buccinator, etc.) Stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, stapedius

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13
Q

To what structures does CN 7 provide Taste innervation?

A

TASTE anterior 2/3 of tongue, floor of mouth, palate

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14
Q

To what structures does CN 7 provide Visceral Motor innervation?

A

PARASYMPATHETIC innervation of submandibular and sublingual gland, lacrimal gland, glands to nose and hard and soft palate

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15
Q

What is the Chorda Tympani of CN 7?

A

portion of facial nerve that provides taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue and submandibular and sublingual glands.
Rides on lingual nerve of CN 5 mandibular branch whcih gives general

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16
Q

What does upper motor neuron damage look like for the CN 7?

A

paralyiss of only LOWER facial muscles on CONTRALATERAL side. Emotionally motivated may still remain

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17
Q

What does CN7 lower motor neuron damage look like?

A

Paralysis of all muscles on affected side. Loss of sense on affected

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18
Q

Where is the lesion on CN7 if there is normal facial muscle function but loss of sensation?

A

Normal facial muscle function but loss of general tongue sense, lesion after chorda tympani leaves main nerve, but while it’s still with lingual nerve

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19
Q

Where is the lesion on CN7 if there is abnormal facial muscle function?

A

If abnormal facial muscle function, lesion is before nerve leaves the facial canal.

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20
Q

What muscle does CN 9 (Glossopharyngeal) provide motor innervation to?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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21
Q

What stuctures does CN 9 (Glossopharygeal) provide Sensory innervation?

A

posterior 1/3 of tongue, tonsils, skin of external ear, internal surface tympanic membrane, PHARYNX

22
Q

What structures does CN9 provide Special Sensory innervation to?

A

Taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue

23
Q

CN 9 Glossopharngeal Visceral

A

Stimulates parotid gland

24
Q

CN9 Glossopharyngeal Visceral Sensory

A

provides subconsious sensation from carotid body and carotid sinus.

25
Q

Carotid body

A

chemoreceptor that monitors O2 in blood. Less O2=increase in rate and depth of breathing

26
Q

Carotid sinus

A

Baroreceptor. Monitors change in arterial blood pressure

27
Q

CN9 Damage

A

Seldom isolated lesion, since closely associated with 10 and 11.

28
Q

CN 10 Vagus branches

A

3 branches: Pharyngeal, Superior laryngeal nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve

29
Q

CN 10 Pharyngeal branch Motor

A

pharyngeal constrictors, levator veli palatini, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus

30
Q

CN10 Pharyngeal Branch Sensory

A

Gneral sense to pharynx.

31
Q

CN 10 Pharyngeal Branch Visceral

A

Pharyngeal mucosa- control secretion

32
Q

CN 10 Superior Laryngeal Nerve

A

Internal laryngeal= general and visceral sensory from base of tongue, epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, and larynx to level of vocal folds.

33
Q

CN 10 Superior laryngeal nerve motor functions

A

External laryngeal nerve provides motor to inferior constrictor and cricothyroid.

34
Q

CN 10 Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

A

Motor to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx (except the cricothyroid).
Provides general and visceral sensation from the vocal folds and the larynx below the level of vocal folds.

35
Q

Right side path of recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

divides off vagus, hooks under SUBCLAVIAN artery, and ascends back to the larynx

36
Q

Left side path of recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

divides off vagus, hooks under the aortic arch, and ascends back to the larynx

37
Q

What does CN 10 provide General Visceral sensation to? and Motor

A

provides motor and visceral sensation to lungs-bronchioconstriction
esophogeal branches- speeds up persistalsis by acting on smooth muscles. Stimulates secretion of gastric glands for emptying stomach.

38
Q

What are the two portions of Cranial Nerve 11 Accessory?

A

2 portions: cranial root and spinal root

39
Q

What does the cranial root of CN 11 do?

A

joins pharyngeal branch of CN 10 to form pharyngeal plexus. Innervates with pharyngeal branch of CN10. At times considered part of CN 10

40
Q

What does the Spinal root of CN 11 do?

A

motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

41
Q

What structures doe CN 12 Hypoglossal provide motor innervation to?

A

Motor: all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue except palatoglossus (CN10)

42
Q

What does upper motor neuron damage to CN 12 Hypoglossal result in?

A

contralateral side affected, tongue deviates to opposite side from lesion.

43
Q

What does lower motor neuron damage to CN 12 result in?

A

Ipsilateral side affected, tongue deviates toward side of lesion.

44
Q

What moto nuclei are housed in the Pons?

A

house motor nuceli for 5 and 7

45
Q

What moto nuclei are housed in the Medulla

A

CN 9, 10, cranial root 11, 12

46
Q

What is housed in Cervical Spine C1-C5 or 6?

A

Spinal root of CN 11

47
Q

What is the Reticular formation?

A

central part of brainstem (medulla and pons).

The nuclei within interact with cranial nerves.

48
Q

What Nuclei are within reticular formation?

A

nucleus ambiguus, salivary nuclei, nucleus of tractus solitarius

49
Q

What is the function of the Nucleus ambiguus

A

Motor nuclei, interacts with 9, 10, 11.

50
Q

What is Salivary nuceli

A

Motor nuclei, above nucleus ambiguous, interacts with CN 7 and 9

51
Q

What is the nucleus of tractus solitarius

A

VIsceral sensory nuclei. Recieves fibers from CN 7, 9, 10

Dysphagia (6 decks)

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