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Neuro I final > cranial nerves > Flashcards

cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory Nerve

components: SVA
distribution: olfactory mucosa
nuclei: olfactory bulb

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2
Q

Symptoms of CN I dysfunction

A

anosmia: loss of sense of smell

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3
Q

CN II

A

Optic Nerve

distribution: retina

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4
Q

symptoms of CN II disruption

A

blindness

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5
Q

CN III

A 
Occulomotor nerve
components: GSE, GSAprop., GVE
distribution: EO muscles = med, infer, sup rect, infer oblique, levator palpebrae sup
peripheral ganglion = ciliary
use/abuse by parasymp ANS
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6
Q

symptoms of CN III disruption

A

dilation of pupid (mydriasis), ptosis, lateral strabismus, diplopia

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7
Q

CN IV

A 
trochlear nerve
midbrain derived (mesencephalon)
nuclei: trochlear, mesencephalic of V
GSE, GSAprop
distribution: EO muscles (sup oblique)
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8
Q

symptoms of CN IV disruption

A

strabismus (can’t look downward when eye is adducted)

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9
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal
hindbrain derived (metencephalon), pons
nuclei: motor of V (SVE), mesencephalic of V, principle sensory, spindle trigeminal
GSAext., GSAprop, SVE (pouch I)
distribution = mastication muscles (tensor typmani, tensor veli palatine, mylohyoid, anterior digastric)
peripheral ganglion (trigeminal)
use/abuse by sympathetic NS

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10
Q

symptoms of dysfunction

A

anesthesia of face, asymmetric chewing, biting

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11
Q

CN VI

A 
Abduces Nerve
hindbrain derived (metencephalon), pons
Nuclei: abducens, mesencephalic of V
GSE, GSA components
distribution: EO muscles (lateral rectus)
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12
Q

symptoms of CN VI disruption

A

strabismus (can’t abduct eye - pupil is inward)

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13
Q

CN VII

A

Facial Nerve (“Great motor nerve of the face”)
hindbrain derived (metencephalon), pons, medulla
nuclei: facial motor nerve of VII (SVE), mesencephalic of V, sup salvitory, solitary, spinal trigeminal of V
SVE, FVA, FVE, SVA, GSAprop, GSAext
Distribution: facial expression muscles, salivary glands, taste anterior of 2/3 of tongue, lacrimal glands, nasal lorae mucosa, stapedius, posterior digastric, stylohyoid
use/abuse by parasymp ANS
peripheral ganglion - submandibular and PP ganglion

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14
Q

symptoms of CN VII disruption

A

facial paralysis, loss of taste, dry eyes, loss of salivation, anesthesia of face, loss of cutaneous from ear

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15
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve (hearing and balance)
hindbrain (metencephalon), pons and medulla
nuclei: vestibular, cochlear
SSAprop, SSA extero
distribution: semicircular canals, utricle, saccule, spiral organ of corti
peripheral ganglia

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16
Q

symptoms of CN VIII disruption

A

dysequillibrium, nystagmus, deafness

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17
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal nerve
hindbrain derived (metencephalon), pons and meduclla
nuclei: solitaries, ambiguous, spinal V, mesencephalic V
GVE, SVE, GVA, SVA, GSAprop, GSAextero
distribution: middle ear mucosa, salivation, parotid gland, pharynx
peripheral ganglia: sup and inf (petrosal)
use/abuse by parasympathetic ANS

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18
Q

Symptoms of CN IX disruption

A

loss of taste at posterior 1/3 of tongue, salivation, elevated BP, tachycardia, loss of gag reflex, upper pharynx anesthesia

19
Q

CN X

A

Vagus Nerve (nerve of thoracic and abdominal cavities)
hindbrain derived (metencephalon), pons & medulla
nuclei: dorsal motor of X, solitaries, ambiguous, spinal V, mesencephalic V
GVE, SVE, GVA, SVA, GSAprop, GSAextero
distribution: cervical, thoracic, abdominal regions, salivation, pharynx, larynx, palate, epiglottis, root of tongue, ear, aortic bodies and sinus, carotid bodies
peripheral ganglia: superior (jugular), inferior (nodose)
use/abuse by parasympathetic ANS

20
Q

Symptoms of CN X disruption

A

taste of root of tongue loss, visceral disturbances, loss of peristalsis, hoarseness, dysphonia, dysphagia, tachycardia, loss of cough reflex, loss of vomit reflex, anesthesia of external ear

21
Q

CN XI

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve
hindbrain derived (metencephalon), pons & medulla
nuclei: ambiguous, cervical spinal nuclei, mesencephalic V
GSE, SVE, GSAprop
distribution of cranial part (SVE): arises from cells in the most caudal part of the N. ambiguous, joins the vagus nerve to for the inf. (recurrent) laryngeal N. to innervate the larynx, palatine, and pharyngeal muscles
distribution of spinal part (GSE): innervates the same side trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

22
Q

symptoms of CN XI disruption

A

weakness of trapezius and SCM on ipsilateral side

23
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal Nerve
hindbrain derived (metencephalon), pons & medulla
nuclei: hypoglossal nucleius, mesencephalic V
GSE, GSAprop
distribution: skeletal muscle of tongue

24
Q

symptoms of CN XII disruption

A

unilateral loss produces ipsilateral LMN paralysis, tongue deviates to same side as lesion when protruded

25
Q

SSA

A

special somatic afferent

CN II, VIII

26
Q

SVA

A

special visceral afferent

CN I, IX, X

27
Q

GSE

A

general somatic efferent

CN III, IV, VI, XI, XII

28
Q

GSAproprioceptive

A

general somatic afferents (proprioceptive)

CN III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII

29
Q

GVE

A

general visceral efferents

CN III, VII, IX, X

30
Q

GSAexteroceptive

A

general somatic efferents (exteroceptive)

CN V, VII, IX, X

31
Q

SVE

A

Special visceral efferent

CN V, VII, IX, X, XI

32
Q

GVA

A

General visceral afferents

CN VII, IX, X

33
Q

CNs are numbered in a ______-______ sequence

A

rostro-caudal

34
Q

what kinds of axons do CNs contain?

A

visceral, efferent, somatic afferent

35
Q

where are most CNs and nuclei located?

A

in the brainstem (exceptions = CN I, CN II)

36
Q

how are CN nuclei organized?

A

into columns of motor and sensory nuclei that traverse large regions of brainstem

37
Q

how do most motor nuclei project to their target cells?

A

by a single CN

38
Q

Where do sensory nuclei receive afferent info from?

A

several CNs

39
Q

which CN axons are “used and abused” by the PNS?

A

CN III, V, VII, IX, X

everything except CN V used/abused by parasympathetic preganglionic axons, CN V by sympathetic preganglionic axons

40
Q

phyaryngeal (branchial) arches and pouches

A

‘special’ embryonic development from ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Each pouch associated with a special nerve and is considered visceral

41
Q

pharyngeal arch/pouch I

A

associated with CN V

42
Q

pharyngeal arch/pouch II

A

associated with CN VII

43
Q

pharyngeal arch/pouch III

A

associated with CN IX

44
Q

pharyngeal arch/pouch IV

A

associated with CN X

Neuro I final (2 decks)

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