Cranial Nerves Flashcards
Which CN are found in the midbrain?
CN 3 &4
Which CN are found in the pons?
CN 5-8
Which CN are found in the cerebellopontine angle?
CN 5, 7, 8
Which CN are found in the medulla?
CN 9-12
Which CN exit the superior orbital fissure?
3, 4, 6
Which CN exit the foramen rotundum?
maxillary 5
Which CN exit the foramen ovale?
mandibular 5
Which CN exit the internal auditory meatus?
7, 8
Which CN exit the jugular foramen?
9, 10, 11
Where do the olfactory tracts mainly project to?
uncus of temporal lobe
What is the most common cause of anosmia?
common cold
What is Foster-Kennedy Syndrome?
tumor at the base of the frontal lobe
- ipsilateral optic atrophy
- papilledema in contralateral eye
- central scotoma ipsilateral eye
- anosmia ipsilaterally
What is the Marcus-Gunn phenomenon?
when the pupil dilates with light introduction
Open angle glaucoma
no warning symptoms
peripheral loss
tunnel vision
Angle closure glaucoma
symptomatic, painful halos around lights eye redness cloudy vision medical emergency
Congenital glaucoma
abnormal eye development
Secondary glaucoma
corticosteroids
uveitis systemic diseases
What does macular degeneration cause?
- loss of vision in center of visual field-
- drusen bodies
- blurry vision
Symptoms of diabetic retinopathy
- blurred or slow loss of vision
- floating stars
- shadows or missing areas
- trouble with night vision
Hypertensive retinopathy symptoms
- double vision
- headaches
- visual disturbances
Melanoma eye symptoms
- blurred vision
- pupil shape change
- vision disturbances
Primary optic atrophy
changes in color and structure of the optic disc associated with variable degrees of dysfunction
Secondary optic atrophy
papilledema
may include neuritis
glaucoma
increased intracranial pressure
Holmes-Adie Syndrome
- one pupil is larger, constricts slowly to light
- DTR absetn (achilles)
- unilateral sweatiness
Which ganglia are affected in Holmes-Adie Syndrome?
ciliary ganglion
dorsal root ganglion
Argyl-Robertson Pupil
- specific for neurosyphilis
- small pupil constricts poorly to direct light, but well in accommodation
Horner’s Syndrome
- sympathetic hypofunction
- ptosis
- miosis
- facial anhydrosis
- ipsilateral facial vasodilation
What coordinates eye movements by interconnecting the nuclei?
medial longitudinal fasciculus
What three things happen with accommodation?
- convergence
- pupilloconstriction
- lens thickening
Heterotopia
deviation of bilateral eye alignment
Aguesia
loss of taste
Dyssynergia
uncoordinated movement
Dysmetria
inaccuracy in measuring distance
Pallanasthesia
loss of vibration sense
