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Cranial Nerves > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Name the first six cranial nerves in order

A

1) Olfactory
2) Optic
3) Oculomotor
4) Trochlear
5) Trigeminal
6) Abducens

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2
Q

Name cranial nerves 7 - 12

A

7) Facial
8) Vestibulocochlear
9) Glossopharyngeal
10) Vagus
11) Accessory
12) Hypoglossal

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3
Q

Name origin of the first four cranial nerves

A

1) Olfactory - Cerebrum
2) Optic - Diencephalon

3) Oculomotor - Midbrain
4) Trochlear - Midbrain

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4
Q

Name the origin of cranial nerve 5 - 8

A

5) Trigeminal - Pons

6) Abducens - Pons-Medulla (junction)
7) Facial - Pons-Medulla (junction)
8) Vestibulocochlear - Pons-Medulla (junction)

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5
Q

Name cranial nerve 9 - 12 origin

A

9) Glossopharyngeal - Medulla
10) Vagus - Medulla
11) Accessory - Medulla
12) Hypoglossal - Medulla

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6
Q

Olfactory nerve (1):

Function

Exits

A
  • Sense of smell

- Exits via Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

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7
Q

Optic Nerve (2)

Function

Exits

A
  • Mediates vision and pupillary light reflex

- Exits via the optic canal

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8
Q

Oculomotor Nerve (3)

Function

Exits

A
  • Pure motor nerve that moves the eye, constricts the pupil, accommodates and converges
  • All eye muscles (Except 2 - 4/6)
  • Exits via superior orbital fissure
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9
Q

Name the eye muscles which Oculomotor nerve (3) Innervates and muscle action

A
  • Medial rectus muscle (Adducts and converges with opposite partner)
  • Superior rectus muscle (Elevates, intorts, & adducts)
  • Inferior rectus muscle (depresses, extorts, Adducts)
  • Inferior oblique muscle (elevates, extorts, abducts)

Also: Levator palpebrae muscle (Elevates upper eye lid)

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10
Q

Trochlear nerve 4

Function

Exits

A
  • Innervates 1/6 eye muscles
  • Superior oblique muscle (depresses, intorts, abducts)

Exits via: Superior orbital fissure

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11
Q

Trigeminal nerve

Function

Exits

A

Innervates muscles of mastication
(Masseter, pterygoids, temporalis)

Exits via:

  • Superior Orbital fissure (opthalmic)
  • Foramen rotundum (maxillary)
  • Foramen ovale (mandibular)
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12
Q

Abducens Nerve (6)

Function

Exits

A
  • Innervates 1/6 eye muscles
  • Lateral rectus muscle (abducts eye)
  • Exits via superior orbital fissure
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13
Q

Facial nerve (7)

Function

Exits

A

Innervates:

Muscles of facial expression (Buccinator, depressor labii inferioris…… no many more)

Submandibular , sublingual and lacriminal glands

Taste: (Anterior 2/3 tongue)

Skin of outer ear

EXITS: Internal acoustic meatus

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14
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve (8)

Function

Exits

A

Innervates vestibular apparatus, cochlear
- Audition

Exits via internal acoustic meatus

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15
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve (9)

Function

Exits

A

Function: Pharynx (stylopharyngeus muscle)

  • Sensory information from skin of the external ear
  • Taste from the posterior third of tongue

Exits - Jugular foramen

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16
Q

Vagus Nerve (10)

Function

Exits

A

SVE - Voluntary muscles of the pharynx, some larynx and extrinsic muscle of tongue

  • Provides sensory info from skin behind ear.

Exits via the jugular foramen

17
Q

Accessory nerve (11)

Function

Exits

A

Function - has two parts:

Cranial root - muscles of larynx and pharynx

Spinal root - Trapezius and SCM

Exits via the jugular foramen

18
Q

Hypoglossal Nerve (12)

Function

Exits

A
  • All intrinsic and most extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Exits via the Hypoglossal canal

Emerges as a series of rootlets between the pyramid and the olive

19
Q

Which 6 cranial nerves are involved in swallowing?

A 
Trigeminal (5)
Facial (7) 
Glossopharyngeal (9)
Vagus (10) 
Spinal Accessory (11) 
Hypoglossal (12)
20
Q

Olfactory nerve lesion

A

Clinically - if the olfactory bulb is separated from the olfactory nerves or if nerves are torn - anosmia (e.g. ethmoid bone #)

21
Q

Optic nerve lesions

A

A) monocular blindness (Across one optic tract)

B) bitemporal hemianopsia homonymous hemianopsia (optic chiasm)

quadrantanopia (Meyers loop)

macular sparing (optic radiation?)

22
Q

Occulomotor lesion

A

As the name suggests, the oculomotor nerve supplies the majority of the muscles controlling eye movements. Thus, damage to this nerve will result in the affected individual being unable to move his or her eye normally. In addition, the nerve also supplies the upper eyelid muscle (levator palpebrae superioris) and the muscles responsible for pupil constriction (sphincter pupillae) . The limitations of eye movements resulting from the condition are generally so severe that the affected individual is unable to maintain normal alignment of their eyes when looking straight ahead, leading to strabismus and, as a consequence, double vision (diplopia).

23
Q

Trochlear nerve (4)

Lesion

A

Interruption of CN IV paralyses the superior oblique muscle - limiting intortion?? of the eye, weakness in downward gaze, head tilting (to compensate for extortion) - affected eye rotates medially causing diplopia

24
Q

Trigeminal nerve lesion

A

Lesion to whole nerve - • loss of general sensation from the face and mucous membranes of the oral and nasal cavities; • loss of corneal reflex (afferent limb of CN V); • flaccid paralysis (LMN type!) of muscles of mastication; • deviation of the mandible to the affected side (due to unopposed action of opposite lateral pterygoid muscles); • paralysis of tensor tympani (partial deafness)

25
Q

Facial nerve lesion

A

Lesion:
• Flaccid paralysis of muscles supplied by CN VII • Loss of corneal reflex • Loss of taste • Hyperacusis • Bell’s Palsy • Central facial palsy / supranuclear palsy • Crocodile tears syndrome

26
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve (8)

Lesion

A

Signs. Unilateral sensorineural deafness, tinnitus. Slow-growing lesions seldom present with vestibular symptoms as compensation has time to occur.

27
Q

Vagus nerve (10)

Lesion

A

Lesion:

• ipsilateral paralysis soft palate, pharynx, larynx → dysphonia, dyspnoea, dysarthria & dysphagia • loss of gag reflex (palatal reflex) • sensory loss to pharynx & larynx → unilateral loss of cough reflex • aortic aneurysms and tumours of neck & thorax → can compress CN X

28
Q

Accessory nerve (11) lesion

A

Anatomy: motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. Signs: weakness and wasting of these muscles. Causes: as ‘Vagus (X) nerve’, above.

29
Q

Hypoglossal nerve (12)

Lesion

A

Complete hypoglossal lesion causes unilateral lingual paralysis and hemiatrophy. The protruded tongue will deviate to the paralysed side. On retraction, the paralysed side rises higher than the unaffected side.

30
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia / Tic douloureux

What is it?

A

Severe stabbing pain over the face

Involves the Trigeminal nerve

Most commonly felt over the areas Innervates by mandibular and maxillary divisions

  • Unknown origin

Cranial Nerves (1 decks)

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