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Cranial Nerves > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN III nuclei

A

Oculomotor (SM) and Edinger Westphal (GVM) nuclei

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2
Q

CN V nuclei

A
  • Mesencephalic nucleus (GSS - proprioceptive)
  • Pontine/chief sensory nucleus (GSS - epicritic)
  • Spinal trigeminal tract nucleus (GSS - protopathic)
  • Motor nucleus (SVM)
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3
Q

CN VII nuclei

A
  • Facial nucl (BM)
  • Sup. salivatory nucl (GVM)
  • Solitary tract nucl (SVS)
  • Spinal trigeminal nucl (GSS)
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4
Q

CN IX nuclei

A
  • Ambiguus nucl (BM/SVM)
  • Inf salivatory (GVM)
  • Solitary tract nucl (SVS)
  • Lat. ala cinerea nucl
  • Spinal trigem. nucl
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5
Q

CN X nuclei

A
  • Ambiguus nucl (BM/SVM)
  • Dorsal nucl of vagus (GVM)
  • Solitary tract nucl (SVS)
  • Lat. ala cinerea (GVS)
  • Spinal trigem. nucl (GSS)
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6
Q

CN XI nuclei

A
  • Ambiguus nucl, caudal part (BM)

- Spinal accessory nucl (SM)

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7
Q

CN III pathway

A

Interpeduncular fossa > interpeduncular cistern > lat. border of cavernous sinus (btw ant. and post. petroclinoidal folds) > sup. orbital fissure > tendinous ring > sup. and inf. branches

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8
Q

Branches of III

A

Sup. division:

1) Levator palpebrae suprioris
2) Sup. rectur

Inf. division:

3) Inf. oblique
4) Med. rectur
5) Inf. rectus

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9
Q

GVM fibers of III (pathway)

A

From Edinger Westphal > ciliary ggl (synapse) > short ciliary nerves > ciliary muscles, circular m.

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10
Q

Edinger Westphal nucl innervation

A

Ciliary mm

Circular m

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11
Q

CN IV pathway

A

Midbrain > frenulum of sup. medullary velum (DORSALLY) > ambiens cistern > lat. wall of cavernous sinus (ant. petroclinoidal fold > sup. orbital fissure > sup. oblique m

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12
Q

IV innervation

A

Sup. oblique m on contralat. side (adduction, depression, internal rotation of eye)

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13
Q

CN VI pathway

A

Abducent nucl > pontomedullary junction > med. pontine cistern > freely in cavernous sinus via Dorello’s canal > sup. orbital fissure > lat. rectus m

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14
Q

CN VI innervation

A

Lat. rectus m (abduction)

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15
Q

CN V exits

A

Brain: btw pons and brachium pontis > lat. pontine/pontocerebellar cistern

Dural: Meckel’s cave

  • V/1: cavernous sinus (lat. wall)
  • V/2: cavernous sinus (lat. wall)
  • V/3: foramen ovale

Scull:

  • V/1: sup. orbital fissure
  • V/2: for. rotundum
  • V/3: for. ovale
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16
Q

Type of nerves in mesencephalic nucl

A

Pseudounipolar

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17
Q

Branches of V/1

A

Branches before exit of scull

1) Tentorial branch
2) Frontal n
- Med. supraorbital n
- Lat. supraorbital n
- Supratrochlear n
3) Lacrimal n
- Communicating branch w/ zygomatic n (GVM)
4) Nasociliary
- Infratrochlear n
- Ant. + post. ethmoidal nn
- Long ciliary nn
- Communicating branch (from eyeball through ciliary)

18
Q

Origin of V/1

A

Gasserian/semilunar/trigeminal ggl in Meckel’s cave

19
Q

V/2 pathway

A

Lat. wall of cavernous sinus > for. rotundum > pterygopalatine fossa (gives off zygomatic, infraorbital & pterygopalatine n) > inf. orbital fissure (gives off medial meningeal before entering)

20
Q

Pes anserinus minor (location and branches)

A

Where infraorbital nerve penetrates infraorbital foramen (terminal branches)

  • Inf. palpebral
  • Ext. nasal
  • Sup. labial
21
Q

Type of fibers in V/2

A

PSY, SYM and SVA taste fibers

22
Q

Branches of V/2

A

1) Medial meningeal ramus
2) Infraorbital n
- Post., middle and ant. alveolar branches
- Inf. palpebral
- Ext. nasal
- Sup. labial
3) Pterygopalatine n
- Post. sup. nasal nn
- Post. inf. nasal nn
- Greater palatine n
- Lesser palatine n
- Nasopalatine n (incisive canal)
4) Zygomatic n
- Communicating branch w/ lacrimal n (> lacrimal gland)
- Zygomaticofacial n
- Zygomaticotemporal n

23
Q

Type of fibers in V/3

A
  • GSS to trig. sensory nucl
  • SVM to 1st pharyngeal arch
  • SVS for taste
  • GVM to glands of tongue, submandibular and sublingual glands
24
Q

Branches of V/3

A

Before bifurcation:

1) Middle meningeal n
2) Tensor veli palatini nn
3) Med. pterygoid n

Anterior trunk:

4) Ant. + post. deep temporal nn
5) N to lat. pterygoid m
6) Masseteric n
7) Buccal n (afferent!)

Post trunk:

8) Auriculotemporal n (PSY fibers)
9) Lingual n
10) Inf. alveolar n
- Mylohyoid branch
- Dental b
- Incisive b
- Mental b

25
Q

CN VII pathway

A

Btw pons and brachium pontis > fundus of int. acoustic meatus > facial canal > geniculate ggl (SVS fibers of solitary tract and GSS of spinal trigem. nucl synapse) > stylomastoid foramen

26
Q

GVM fibers of VII (pathway)

A

Sup. salivatory nucl sends PSY fibers via:
- Greater petrosal n > pterygopalatine ggl (synapse > lacrimal n (V/1) > lacrimal gland

  • Chorda tympani n (+ sensory fibers) travels in lingual n (V/3) > submandibular ggl > submand. and lingual glands
27
Q

What is intermediate n?

A

SVS fibers from solitary tract nucl and PSY fibers from sup. salivatory

28
Q

Geniculate ggl (location, synapses)

A

In facial canal, GSS fibers from spinal trigem. tract and SVS fibers from solitary tract synapse (CN VII)

29
Q

Branches of VII

A

Intracranial branches:

1) Greater petrosal n
2) Sensory auricular br
3) Chorda tympani
4) Stapedial n

Extracranial branches (muscles):

5) Post. auricular n
6) Post. belly of digastric & stylohyoid mm
7) Parotid plexus
- Temporal br
- Zygomatic br
- Buccal br
- Marginal mandibular br
- Cervical br

30
Q

CN VIII pathway (cochlear and vestibular)

A

Cochlear:
Spiral ggl > int. aucustic meatus > btw pons and brachium pontis > cochleat nucl > trapezoid body/medullary striae > lat. lemniscus

Vestibular:
Vestibular ggl > int. aucustic meatus > btw pons and brachium pontis > vestibular nucl > ascending and descending branches > cerebellum (inf. peduncle)

31
Q

CN IX pathway

A

Medulla > lat. paraolivary sulcus > jugular foramen (ant. pars nervosa) > stylopharyngeus m (lower border, curves forward) > palatine tonsil, mucous memb. of fauces, base of tongue and serous glands of mouth

32
Q

Branches of IX

A

1) Tympanic n of Jacobsen > lesser petrosal n (GVM/GSS)
2) Communicating br w/ auricular/Arnold’s n (GSS)
3) Pharyngeal plexus
- Stylopharyngeus + sup. and upper 1/2 of middle constrictors (BM)
- Tonsillar br (GSS)
- Lingual br (SVS,GSS)
- Pharyngeal br (GSS, BM)
4) Carotid sinus n

33
Q

Pharyngeal plexus receives fibers from which CNs?

A

Glossopharyngeal n
Vagus n
Accessory n

34
Q

GVM fibers from IX (pathway)

A

Inf. salivatory nucl > jugular foramen > tympanic n of Jacobsen > lesser petrosal n > foramen ovale > otic ggl > parotid gland

35
Q

CN X branches

A

1) Meningeal br
2) Auricular br (Arnold’s)
3) Pharyngeal branches
4) Sup. laryngeal n
- Internal laryngeal n
- Ext. laryngeal n
5) Recurrent laryngeal n
- Tracheal branches
- Esophageal branhes
- Inf. laryngeal n
6) Cardiac branches
- Sup. + inf. cervical cardiac br
- Thoracic cardiac br
7) Esophageal branches
8) Pulmonary branches
9) Ant. + post. vagal trunks
- Gastric
- Celiac
- Hepatic
- Vagal branches

36
Q

CN XI pathway

A

Ambiguus and accessory nucl
> cranial root: inf. in lat. paraolivary nucl > lat. in post. cranial fossa OR
> spinal root: spinal segments C1-6 > foramen magnum

> jugular foramen, ant. pars nervosa (both roots) > int. (cranial) and ext. (spinal) branches

37
Q

Branches of XI

A

1) Internal branch (cranial root)
- Recurrent laryngeal n
- Pharyngeal br
2) External branch (spinal)
- Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius mm

38
Q

CN XII pathway

A

Hypoglossal nucl > med. paraolivary sulcus > hypoglossal canal (spirals behind vagus, passing deep to post. belly of digastric > loop of hypoglossal n)

39
Q

Branches of XII

A

Branch to intrinsic mm of tongue:

  • sup. + inf. longitudinal m
  • verticalis m
  • transversus m

Branch to extrinsic mm:

  • genioglossus m
  • hyoglossus m
  • styloglossus m
40
Q

Spinal trigeminal tract nucleus receives fibers from which CNs?

A

V, VII, IX and X

Cranial Nerves (1 decks)

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