Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Basic Anatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN:I

Sensory/Motor?

A

Olfactory Nerve

Sensory-smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CN:II

Sensory/Motor?

A

Optic Nerve

Sensory-vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CN:III

Sensory/Motor?

A

Oculomotor Nerve

Motor

levator palpebrae superioris

superior rectus

medial rectus

inferior rectus

inferior oblique

ciliary muscle

sphincter pipillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CN:IV

Sensory/Motor?

A

Trochlear Nerve

Motor

Superior oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CN:V

Sensory/Motor?

A

Trigeminal Nerve

Motor- muscles of mastication

Sensory- face, nasal cavity, oral cavity and teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CN:VI

Sensory/Motor?

A

Abducent Nerve

Motor

lateral rectus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CN:VII

Sensory/Motor?

A

Facial Nerve

MOTOR and PROPRIOCEPTIVE to muscles of facial expression (inc. platysma, occipital belly of occipitofrontalis), auricularis, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid and stapedius.

SPECIAL SENSORY (taste) to anterior 2/3 tongue.

SECRETOMOTOR (parasympathetic) to lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CN:VIII

Sensory/Motor?

A

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Special sensory (special somatic afferent): hearing/equilibrium/balance/motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CN:IX

Sensory/Motor?

A

Glossopharangeal Nerve

Motor- stylopharyngeus, secretomotor to parotid gland

Sensory - pharynx, middle ear, carotid sinus, taste of posterior 1/3 of tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CN:X

Sensory/Motor?

A

Vagus Nerve

Motor - pharynx, larynx, bronchal tree, heart, GI tract to splenic flexure, secretomotor to mucus glands

Sensory - soft palate, pharynx, larynx, carotid body, bronchal tree, GI tract (gag reflex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CN:XI

Sensory/Motor?

A

Accessory Nerve

Somatic Motor

trapezius

sternocleidomastoid

[Pain and proprioceptive fibres to these muscles via cervical plexus (C2-C4).]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CN:XII

Sensory/Motor?

A

Hypoglossal

motor - muscles of tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does the Olfactory Nerve CN:I originate and terminate?

A

• Cell bodies in nasal mucosa.

  • enter cranial cavity via cribiform plate

• Olfactory nerve fibres synapse with mitral cells in olfactory bulb.

• Post-synaptic axons form the olfactory tract.

• Terminate in piriform cortex of temporal lobe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the Optic Nerve CN:II originate and terminate?

A
  • Cell bodies in retina.
  • Optic canal.
  • Optic chiasm.
  • Optic tract.
  • Terminate in lateral geniculate bodies of thalamus.
  • Post-synaptic axons to visual cortex in occipital lobe.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does the Oculomotor Nerve CN:III originate and terminate?

A
  • Two nuclei in midbrain (level sup.colliculus)
  • Exit via superior orbital fissure.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the actions of the somatic motor and visceral motor fibers of the Oculomotor nerve?

A

Somatic MOTOR (general somatic efferent) & proprioceptive to:

  • 4/6 extraocular muscles (superior, medial and inferior recti; inferior oblique)
  • Superior eyelid (levator palpebrae superioris)

Visceral motor (general visceral efferent – parasympathetic).

  • Post-synaptic fibres from ciliary ganglion to ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae muscle.
17
Q

Which nerve is….

  • Smallest cranial nerve?
  • Only nerve to originate on dorsal aspect of brainstem?
A

Trochlear Nerve

18
Q

Where does the Trochlear Nerve CN:IV originate and terminate?

A
  • nucleus in the midbrain on the medial aspect of the inferior colliculus
  • exits via superior orbital fissure
  • Somatic MOTOR (general somatic efferent) and proprioceptive to superior oblique.
19
Q

what is the largest cranial nerve with 3 divisions?

A

Trigeminal Nerve

20
Q

Where does the Trigeminal Nerve CN:V originate?

A
  • Four trigeminal nuclei in pons – one motor and three sensory.
21
Q

Name CN:V1

what is the cranial exit

sensory/motor?

name some nerve branches

cutaneous distribution

A
  • Opthalmic nerve
  • superior orbital fissure
  • sensory only
    • frontal >>supraorbital>>supratrochlear, lateral/medial branch
    • Lacrimal >>lacrimal gland
    • nasocilliary>>posterior ethmoidal, anterior ethmoidal, infratrochlear, long ciliary, ciliary ganglion
  • anterior 2/3 of cranium excluding temporal bone, then rostral up to eye lids including nasal bridge and tip of nose
22
Q

Name CN:V2

what is the cranial exit

sensory/motor?

name some nerve branches

cutaneous distribution

A
  • Maxillary nerve
  • foramen rotundum
  • sensory only
    • zygomatic nerve^communicating branch lacrimal, + zygomaticotemporal, zygomaticofacial
    • infraorbital^superior alveolar branches^ ganglionic branches>>pterygopalatine ganglion
  • anterior zugomatic bone, under eyes, nostrils and upper lip
23
Q

Name CN:V3

what is the cranial exit

sensory/motor?

name some nerve branches

cutaneous distribution

A
  • Mandibular nerve
  • foramen ovale
  • sensory and motor-muscles of mastication (masseter, temporalis, lat/med pterygoid), mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric,Tensor veli palatini,tensor tympani.
    • auriculotemporal
    • buccal
    • lingual^submandibular ganglion
    • inferior alveolar^mylohyoid+inferior dental plexus >>mental
  • part of temporal bone, anterior 1/2 of ear, mandible, lower lip
24
Q

What are the branches that cary parasympathetic innervation in CN:V1?

A

presynaptic parasympathetic axons from facial nerve via>>greater petrosal>>nerve of pterygoid canal>>pterygopalatine ganglion>>Zygomatic branch of maxillary division>>comunicating branch>>lacrimal nerve>>lacrimal gland

25
What are the branches that carry parasympathetic innervation from CN:V2?
presynaptic parasympathetic axons from facial nerve\>\>pterygopalatine ganglion\>\>pterygopalitine nerves\>\>Zygomatic branch of maxillary division\>\>comunicating branch\>\>lacrimal nerve\>\>lacrimal gland
26
What are the branches that carry parasympathetic innervation from CN:V3?
1. Glossopharangeal\>\>tympanic nerve\>\>tympanic plexus\>\>**presynaptic parasympathetic axons from lesser petrosal nerve\>\>mandibular division CNV3\>\>synapse otic ganglion\>\> auricotemporal nerve\>\>parotid gland** 2. facial nerve \>\>chorda tympani\>\>**presynaptic parasympathetic axons from lingual nerve\>\> synapse submandibular ganglion\>\>submandibular gland + sublingual gland**
27
Where does the Abducent Nerve CN:VI originate and terminate?
* abducent nucleus in pons * exits via superior orbital fissure * Supplies somatic MOTOR and proprioceptive fibres to LATERAL RECTUS muscles (abducts the eyes)
28
Where does the facial nerve CN:VI originate and exit from the cranial cavity?
Motor nucleus in pons internal accoustic meatus
29
Name the 6 branches of the Facial nerve CN:VII
1. posterior auricular 2. temporal 3. zygomatic 4. buccal 5. marginal mandibular 6. cervical
30
what is the difference in innervation between Chordata tympani and lingual nerve?
* Chorda tympani =\> special sensory (taste) to anterior 2/3 tongue * Lingual nerve (from CN V3) =\> general sensation (touch/temp) to anterior 2/3 tongue
31
parasympathetic innervation of Facial nerve CN:VII
1. **facial nerve \>\>chorda tympani\>\>presynaptic parasympathetic axons from lingual nerve\>\> synapse submandibular ganglion\>\>submandibular gland + sublingual gland + anterior tongue** 2. **presynaptic parasympathetic axons from facial nerve via\>\>greater petrosal\>\>nerve of pterygoid canal\>\>synapse pterygopalatine ganglion\>\>**Zygomatic branch of maxillary division\>\>comunicating branch_\>\>lacrimal nerve(V1)\>\>lacrimal gland_
32
Describe the nervous pathway of vestibulocochlear nerve CN:VIII from origin to target organ?
* Vestibular nuclei are located at the junction of the pons and medulla in the lateral part of the floor of the 4th ventricle. * Cochlear nuclei are in the pons. * cranial exit via internal accoustic meatus * splits into vestibular nerve + cochlear nerve * Cochlear nerve: (synapse cochlear ganglion) sensory to spiral organ (for sense of hearing). * Vestibular nerve: (synapse vestibular ganglion) sensory to semicircular ducts/saccule/utricle (for sense of equilibrium).
33
A disturbance in cochlear or vestibular function would cause what symptoms?
* cochlear = deafness and tinnitus (ringing in ears). * vestibular = vertigo (dizziness) and nystagmus (uncontrollable pendular movement of eyes).
34
Briefly describe the axonal pathway of glossopharyngeal nerve CN:IX from origin to target organ
* Four nuclei in the medulla oblongata * exit jugular foramen * Tympanic nerve=\>parotid gland (parasympathetic) * stylopharyngeus branch=\>stylopharngeus muscle (motor) * tonsilar + lingual branches=\>palatine tonsil + posterior 1/3 of tongue (taste & general sensation) * pharyngeal branches (sensory) * carotid sinus branch=\>carotid sinus (sensory)
35
Describe the parasympathetic innervation pathway of glossopharyngeal nerve CN:IX
**Glossopharangeal\>\>tympanic nerve\>\>tympanic plexus\>\>presynaptic parasympathetic axons from lesser petrosal nerve**\>\>mandibular division CNV3\>\>synapse otic ganglion\>\> auricotemporal nerve**\>\>parotid gland**
36
Where does the vagus nerve CN:X originate, exit the cranial cavity and what are some branches and target organs?
* nuclei in medulla oblongata * exits jugular foramen * **pharyngeal branch**=\> muscles of pharynx and soft palate * **carotid sinus branch** * **internal/external branch of superior laryngeal nerve** * **reccurent laryngeal nerve**=\>upper oesophagus + intrinsic muscles of larynx * cardiac, pulmonary, esophageal, celiac and renal plexus * **Left and right vagi become anterior/posterior vagal trunks respectively in abdomen.**
37
What are some of the target organs for the parasympathetic fibres of Vagus nerve CN:X?
Pre-synaptic parasympathetic fibres to involuntary **muscles/glands of tracheobronchial tree; oesophagus; heart; digestive tract** (up until left colic flexure).
38
Where does accessory nerve CN:VI originate and exit cranial cavity?
* Nucleus in column of anterior horn motor neurons in the superior 5 or 6 cervical segments * Cranial exit = jugular foramen.
39
Where does the hypoglossal nerve CN:XII originate, exit cranial cavity and terminate?
* originates anterior surface of medulla oblongata between the pyramid and olive. * exit = **hypoglossal canal** * **MOTOR** to all muscles of tongue (except palatoglossus): (intrinsic tongue muscles) **styloglossus, hyoglossus, genioglossus.**

Basic Anatomy (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions