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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the location of Cranial Nerve 1 (Olfactory)?

A

Location:

  • Doesn’t come from the brainstem
  • It’s an extension from the Diencephalon
  • Olfactory tract runs on the ventral surface of the front lobe then forms the olfactory bulb
  • The nerves are filaments which come away from the olfactory bulb
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2
Q

What is the foramen of Cranial Nerve 1 (Olfactory)?

A

Foramen:

- Little holes in the cribriform plate

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3
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve 1 (Olfactory)?

A

Function:

- Smell (Olfaction)

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4
Q

What is a good way to test for a working Olfactory nerve?

A

Test:

- Offer a familiar smelling item (an orange for example)

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5
Q

What is the location of Cranial Nerve 2 (Optic)?

A

Function:

  • Derived from the forebrain
  • Travel from the eyeball to meet (on the most anterior tip of the hypothalamus) to form the optic chiasm
  • They then spread out laterally and form the optic tracts
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6
Q

What is the foramen of Cranial Nerve 2 (Optic)?

A

Foramen:

- The optic canal

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7
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve 2 (Optic)?

A

Function:

- Vision

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8
Q

What is a good way to test for a working optic nerve?

A

Test:

- Various visual tests

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9
Q

What is the location of Cranial Nerve 3 (Oculomotor)?

A

Location:

  • Pontomesencephalic junction
  • Between the two cerebral peduncles
  • This is known as the interpeduncular fossa
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10
Q

What is the foramen of Cranial Nerve 3 (Oculomotor)?

A

Foramen:

- Superior Orbital fissure

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11
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve 3 (Oculomotor)?

A

Function:

- 4 out of 6 of the optic muscles (not lateral rectus or superior oblique)

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12
Q

What is a good way to test for a working oculomotor nerve?

A

Test:

- Follow finger test

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13
Q

What is the location of Cranial Nerve 4 (Trochlear)?

A

Location:

  • Dorsal of the midbrain
  • Inferior to the inferior colliculi
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14
Q

What is the foramen of Cranial Nerve 4 (Trochlear)?

A

Foramen:

- Superior orbital fissure

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15
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve 4 (Trochlear)?

A

Function:

- Superior oblique muscle of the eye

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16
Q

What is a good way to test for a working trochlear nerve?

A

Test:

- Follow finger test

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17
Q

What is the location of Cranial Nerve 5 (Ophthalmic; Maxillary and Mandibular)?

A

Function:

  • The brainstem, just as the pons does, becomes the idle cerebellar peduncle
  • Made of 3 divisions
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18
Q

What is the foramen of The Ophthalmic Nerve?

A

Foramen:

- Superior orbital fissure

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19
Q

What is the foramen of The Maxillary Nerve?

A

Foramen:

- Foramen rotundum

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20
Q

What is the foramen of The Mandibular Nerve?

A

Foramen:

- Foramen Ovale

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21
Q

What is the function of The Ophthalmic Nerve?

A

Function:

  • Sensation from upper portion of the face (skin around the eye)
  • Sensory fibres
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22
Q

What is the function of The Maxillary Nerve?

A

Function:

  • Sensation from middle portion of the face
  • Sensory fibres
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23
Q

What is the function of The Mandibular Nerve?

A

Function:

  • Sensation from lower portion of the face (mandible)
  • Motor to the muscles of mastication
  • Sensory and motor fibres
24
Q

What is a good way to test for a working Ophthalmic Nerve?

A

Test:

- Cotton wool bud on forehead and corneal reflex test.

25
Q

What is a good way to test for a working Maxillary Nerve?

A

Test:

- Cotton wool bud on cheek

26
Q

What is a good way to test for a working Mandibular Nerve?

A

Test:

  • Cotton wool bud on jaw
  • Clench teeth and feel for muscle mass
  • Jaw jerk reflex
27
Q

What is the location of Cranial Nerve 6 (Abducens)?

A

Location:

- Pontomedullary junction, just adjacent to the basilar artery

28
Q

What is the foramen of Cranial Nerve 6 (Abducens)?

A

Foramen:

- Superior orbital fissure

29
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve 6 (Abducens)?

A

Function:

  • Lateral rectus muscle of eye.
  • Abducts the eye
  • If the right eye were to be abducted (move laterally) then the left adducted to also look right
30
Q

What is a good way to test for a working Abducens Nerve?

A

Test:

- Follow finger test

31
Q

What is the location of Cranial Nerve 7 (Facial)?

A

Location:

  • Cerebellopontine angle (most medial)
  • 5 division which supply the muscles of facial expression (smiling)
32
Q

What is the foramen of Cranial Nerve 7 (Facial)?

A

Foramen:

- Internal acoustic meatus then stylomastoid foramen where it splits into the 5 divisions

33
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve 7 (Facial)?

A

Function:

  • Muscles of facial expression (smiling)
  • Taste anterior 2/3rds tongue
  • Parasympathetic to all glands except parotid
34
Q

What is a good way to test for a working Facial Nerve?

A

Test:

- Facial Movements

35
Q

What is the location of Cranial Nerve 8 (Vestibocochlear)?

A

Location:

- Cerebellopontine angle (the middle one)

36
Q

What is the foramen of Cranial Nerve 8 (Vestibocochlear)?

A

Foramen:

- Internal acoustic meatus

37
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve 8 (Vestibocochlear)?

A

Function:

- Hearing and balance

38
Q

What is a good way to test for a working Vestibocochlear Nerve?

A

Test:

- Bedside hearing tests (Rinne’s and Weber’s test)

39
Q

What are the 5 divisions of the Facial Nerve?

A

Divisions:

  • Temporal
  • Zygomatic
  • Buckle
  • Mandibular
  • Cervical (from superior to inferior).
40
Q

What is the location of Cranial Nerve 9 (Glossopharyngeal)?

A

Location:

  • Posterolateral sulcus of medulla, lateral to olives
  • Cerebellopontine angle (most lateral)
41
Q

What is the foramen of Cranial Nerve 9 (Glossopharyngeal)?

A

Foramen:

- Jugular foramen with the internal jugular vein

42
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve 9 (Glossopharyngeal)?

A

Function:

  • Swallowing
  • Parasympathetic to parotid
  • Taste posterior 1/3rd tongue
  • Cutaneous sensation from ear
  • Sensation from carotid body
43
Q

What is a good way to test for a working Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

A

Test:

- Gag reflex

44
Q

What is the location of Cranial Nerve 10 (Vagus)?

A

Location:

- Posterolateral sulcus of medulla, lateral to olives

45
Q

What is the foramen of Cranial Nerve 10 (Vagus)?

A

Foramen:

- Jugular foramen with the internal jugular vein

46
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve 10 (Vagus)?

A

Function:

  • Muscles of pharynx and larynx
  • Parasympathetic to thoracic and GI tract
  • Taste from epiglottis and palate
47
Q

What is a good way to test for a working Vagus Nerve?

A

Test:

  • Speaking
  • Movement of uvula
48
Q

What is the location of Cranial Nerve 11 (Accessory)?

A

Location:

- Caudal medulla and rostral spinal cord

49
Q

What is the foramen of Cranial Nerve 11 (Accessory)?

A

Foramen:

- Jugular foramen with the internal jugular vein

50
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve 11 (Accessory)?

A

Function:

- Motor to SCM (sternocleidomastoid muscle) and trapezius

51
Q

What is a good way to test for a working Accessory Nerve?

A

Test:

  • Shrug shoulder
  • Rotate head
52
Q

What is the location of Cranial Nerve 12 (Hypoglossal)?

A

Location:

- Anterolateral sulcus (between pyramid and olives)

53
Q

What is the foramen of Cranial Nerve 12 (Hypoglossal)?

A

Foramen:

- Hypoglossal canal

54
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve 12 (Hypoglossal)?

A
  • Motor to muscles of tongue
  • If this nerve is damaged then the tongue will point to the side where the nerve is damaged
  • Both sides are usually pushing together
55
Q

What is a good way to test for a working Hypoglossal Nerve?

A
  • Protrude tongue

Andrew's cranial nerve flash cards (1 decks)

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