Cranial nerves Flashcards
Name cranial nerve 1 and its function
Olfactory nerve. Smell
Name cranial nerve 2 and its function
Visual information
Name cranial nerve 3 and its function
Oculomotor (Stabismus, mydriasis, diplopia, ptosis)
Name cranial nerve 4 and its function
Trochlear nerve. (Diplopia-inability to move down/inward)
Name cranial nerve 5 and its function
Trigeminal nerve (mastication, facial sensation)
Name cranial nerve 6 and its function
Abducens nerve (diplopia)
Name cranial nerve 7 and its function
Facial (Facial expression)
Name cranial nerve 8 and its function
Vestibulocochlear nerve (Sound/balance)
Name cranial nerve 9 and its function
Glossopharyngeal nerve (oropharynx, back of tongue/gagreflex)
Name cranial nerve 10 and its function
Vegas nerve (increased HR and BP, difficulty swallowing)
Name cranial nerve 11 and its function
Accessory nerve (Scalpula, sternocleidomastoid muscle-turning head)
Name cranial nerve 12 and its function
Hypoglossal (tongue movement-can’t stick tongue out straight)
What is the mnemonic for remembering cranial nerves?
Nerve names: Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel (a) Virgin Girl’s Vagina And Hymen
Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducent, Facial,
Vestibulocochlear (formerly Auditory), Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal
What does SBAR stand for?
Situation, background, assessment, reccomendations.
What does DESC stand for?
Describe the situation, Express concerns, suggest alternatives, state consequences.
What acronym is used to describe what situations may “stop the line” during a trauma situation?
CUS..Concerned/Uncomfortable/Safety/Stressed
What does MOI stand for?
Mechanism of injury.
Define trauma.
Damage to living tissue by an extrinsic agent.
Define kinematics.
The study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying actual or potential injuries.
Define bio mechanics.
The general study of forces and their effects.
Define mechanism of injury.
How external energy forces in the environment are transferred to the body.
Describe Newton’s First law of motion.
A body at rest will stay at rest and a body in motion will stay in motion.
Describe Newton’s Second law of motion.
Force = mass X acceleration.
Describe Newton’s Third law of motion.
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What is the Law of Conservation Of Energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change form.
What does the “A” stand for in the A-I mnemonic?
Airway and alertness, with simultaneous cervical spinal stabilization.
What does the “B” stand for in the A-I mnemonic?
Breathing and ventilation.
What does the “C” stand for in the A-I mnemonic?
Circulation and control of hemorrhage.
What does the “D” stand for in the A-I mnemonic?
Disability (neurologic status)
What does the “E” stand for in the A-I mnemonic?
Exposure and environmental control
What does the “F” stand for in the A-I mnemonic?
Full set of vital signs and family presence.
What does the “G” stand for in the A-I mnemonic?
Get resuscitation adjuncts
What does the “L” stand for in the A-I mnemonic?
Laboratory studies, ABG’S, tYPE AND CROSS
What does the “M” stand for in the A-I mnemonic?
Monitor for continuous cardiac rhythm and rate assessment.
What does the “N” stand for in the A-I mnemonic?
Naso/oro gastric tube consideration
What does the “O” stand for in the A-I mnemonic?
Oxygen/ventilation analysis: Pulse ox, ETCO2, capnography.
What letters of the A-I mnemonic represent resuscitation adjuncts?
LMNOP. All under “G”: Get resuscitation adjuncts.
What does the “P” stand for in the A-I mnemonic?
Pain assessment and management.
What does the “H” stand for in the A-I mnemonic?
History and Head to Toe assessment
What does the “I” stand for in the A-I mnemonic?
Inspect posterior surfaces.
What does the mnemonic M.A.R.C.H. stand for?
It is used by the US miitary and stands for : Massive hemorrhage, Airway, Respiration, Respiration, Head injury/Hypothermia.
According to the guidelines for field triage, what vital signs are assessed for in step one?
Measure vital signs and LOC….Glasgow less than or equal to 13, SBP 29 in adults, RR
According to the guidelines for field triage, what injuries are assessed for in step two?
Assess anatomy of injury….Penetrating injuries to head, neck, torso, and extremities proximal to the elbow/knee. Chest wall instability (flail chest). 2 or more proximal long bone fractures. Crushed, degloved, pulseless extremity. Amputation proximal to wrist/ankle.
According to the guidelines for field triage, what injuries are assessed for in step three?
Assess mechanism of injury and evidence of high energy impact…. Fall > 20”(adult)..10” (children, or 3 times child’s height), MVC intrusion-roof >12”, other site >18”. ejection/death in same compartment, pedestrian/bicycle/motorcycle > 20 mph.
According to the guidelines for field triage, what injuries are assessed for in step four?
Assess special considerations, age > 55, SPB 20 weeks.
What does the mnemonic AVPU stand for?
Alert, Verbal, Painful, unresponsive. If Pt is Alert, he may be able to maintain airway once cleared, If V, P, or U, may need airway assistance.
What are the 3 steps of airway assessment?
Inspect (open mouth if alert, 2 person jaw thrust if not alert), auscultate (for obstructive sounds), palpate(for bony deformity/SC emphysema)..
What ETCO2 level indicates adequate ventilation?
Between 35 and 45 Hg.
What standard is used to evaluate disability?
Glasgow coma scale. PERRL
What lab level is associated with poor outcomes?
Lactic acid levels of 2-4 mmol/L or higher.
What is the normal range of ETCO2?
35-45 mm Hg.
What mnemonic is used when assessing History during the secondary survey?
MIST. MOI, Injuries sustained, S/S in the field, Treatment in the field.
What does SAMPLE stand for and when is this mnemonic used?
It is used to obtain a complete history and stands for: Symptoms, Allergies, Medication, Past (medical history), Last (oral intake), Events/environmental factors.
During intubation, what problem may arise from stimulation of the larynx?
Vagal response. The larynx is the most innervated sensory organ in the human body, being supplied by the Vagus nerve, CN 10.
When inserting a nasopharyngeal airway, which way should the bevel face?
Start in the right naris and face the bevel toward the septum.
How do you measure a nasopharyngeal airway for correct fit?
Tip of the nose to the earlobe.
How do you measure an oropharyngeal airway for correct fit?
Corner of the mouth to the tip of the earlobe.
