Cranial Nerves

Question 1

What are the functional components of the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 1

Somatic and visceral efferents

also contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

Question 2

What structures are innervated by the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 2

Most of the eye muscles (except the dorsal oblique, lateral rectus, and retractor bulbi muscles)
Parasympathetics- pupillary constrictor muscle and ciliary body

Question 3

What are the clinical signs of a lesion in the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 3

Pupillary dilation, lateroventral strabismus, and ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid)

Question 4

What are the functional components of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 4

Somatic afferent and efferents

Question 5

Where does the mandibular division of the trigeminal exit the skull?

Answer 5

The oval notch of the foramen lacerum

Question 6

The lingual branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal provides general sensation to which structure or region?

Answer 6

The rostral two-thirds of the tongue

Question 7

The mandibular or inferior alveolar branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal provides general sensation to which structure or region?

Answer 7

The lower teeth

Question 8

The buccal branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal provides general sensation to which structure or region?

Answer 8

The mucosa of the inner cheek

Question 9

Which muscles are innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal?

Answer 9

Muscles which close the jaws, including the masseter, temporalis, and pterygoid muscles
Rostral belly of the digastricus
Mylohyoideus

Question 10

The mental and auriculotemporal branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal provide general sensation to which structures or regions?

Answer 10

The skin on the lower half of the face and the temporomandibular joint

Question 11

What are the clinical signs of a lesion in the mandibular division of the trigeminal?

Answer 11

Jaw drop- may be unilateral or bilateral

Question 12

What are the functional components of the maxillary division of the trigeminal?

Answer 12

Somatic afferents

Question 13

The infraorbital branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal provides general sensation to which structures or regions?

Answer 13

Upper lip, and the upper half of the face

Question 14

The zygomatic branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal provides general sensation to which structures or regions?

Answer 14

Lower eyelid, lateral canthus, and the skin rostral to the ears

Question 15

The caudal and internal nasal branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal provide general sensation to which structures or regions?

Answer 15

Ectodermal lining of the nasal cavity, except the ethmoturbinates

Question 16

The maxillary or superior alveolar branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal provide general sensation to which structures or regions?

Answer 16

The upper teeth

Question 17

The palatine branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal provide general sensation to which structures or regions?

Answer 17

The hard palate

Question 18

Where does the maxillary division of the trigeminal exit the skull?

Answer 18

The round foramen

Question 19

What are the functional components of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal?

Answer 19

Somatic afferents

Question 20

Where does the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal exit the skull?

Answer 20

The orbital fissure

Question 21

The lacrimal, frontal, and infratrochlear branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal provide general sensation to which structures or regions? Which additional structure do these nerves innervate in the cow?

Answer 21

The skin of the forehead

In cows, it also innervates the horns

Question 22

The long ciliary and infratrochlear branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal innervate which structures or regions?

Answer 22

The cornea and the conjunctiva

Question 23

Which nerve provides general sensation to the mucosa covering the large and small ethmoturbinates?

Answer 23

The ethmoidal nerve (branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal)

Question 24

What are the clinical signs of a lesion in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal?

Answer 24

Loss of sensation in the areas it innervate, lack of a corneal reflex?

Question 25

What are the functional components of the facial nerve?

Answer 25

Somatic afferents and efferents

Question 26

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

Answer 26

The stylomastoid foramen

Question 27

The skeletal muscles of the face are innervated by which branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 27

Dorsal buccal, ventral buccal, auriculopalpebral, and caudal auricular

Question 28

What kind of innervation does the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve provide the tongue? Which region of the tongue?

Answer 28

Provides taste fibers to rostral two-thirds of the tongue

Question 29

Which salivary glands are innervated by parasympathetics from the facial nerve?

Answer 29

The mandibular and sublingual salivary glands

Question 30

Which structures have parasympathetic motor innervation from branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 30

Glands of the nasal cavity and the lacrimal gland

Question 31

The internal auricular branch of the facial nerve provides somatic afferent innervation to which structures or regions?

Answer 31

The skin on the inside of the ear

Question 32

In addition to the muscles controlling facial expression, which muscles are innervated by the facial nerve?

Answer 32

The caudal belly of the digastricus and the occipitomandibularis

Question 33

What are the clinical signs of a lesion in the facial nerve?

Answer 33

Facial nerve paralysis- mouth hangs, eyelid drops, loss of symmetry in the face Halitosis from food remaining in mouth- can't be moved or chewed

Question 34

What are the functional components of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 34

Somatic afferent and efferents

Question 35

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit the skull?

Answer 35

The foramen lacerum

Question 36

The lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve provides what kind of innervation to which structures or regions?

Answer 36

General sensation and taste to the caudal one-third of the tongue

Question 37

The pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve provides sensory innervation to which structures or regions? Which reflex depends on the sensory information it carries?

Answer 37

The pharynx | Swallowing or gagging reflex

Question 38

The pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve provides motor innervation to which muscles?

Answer 38

The skeletal muscles of the pharynx

Question 39

What are the receptors innervated by the carotid sinus branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 39

Chemoreceptors for blood pH and CO2 in the carotid body | Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus

Question 40

Which salivary gland is innervated by parasympathetics from the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 40

The parotid salivary gland

Question 41

What are the clinical signs of a lesion in the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 41

Dysphagia

Question 42

What are the functional components of the vagus nerve?

Answer 42

Mixed | Afferent and efferents

Question 43

Somatic afferents from the vagus nerve innervate which structures or regions?

Answer 43

Pharynx, larynx, esophagus, upper GI tract | Baroreceptors, stretch receptors, and chemoreceptors in the heart

Question 44

Which reflexes depend in part on the vagus nerve?

Answer 44

Swallowing or gagging, cough or choke, vomiting, and regurgitation in the ruminant

Question 45

The vagus nerve innervates which group of muscles?

Answer 45

The skeletal muscles of the larynx via the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 46

What are the clinical signs of a lesion in the vagus nerve?

Answer 46

Dysphagia, laryngeal hemiplegia

Question 47

Infection in the guttural pouch can damage which nerve?

Answer 47

The glossopharyngeal nerve