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Large Animal Anatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functional components of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Somatic and visceral efferents

also contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

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2
Q

What structures are innervated by the oculomotor nerve?

A

Most of the eye muscles (except the dorsal oblique, lateral rectus, and retractor bulbi muscles)
Parasympathetics- pupillary constrictor muscle and ciliary body

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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of a lesion in the oculomotor nerve?

A

Pupillary dilation, lateroventral strabismus, and ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid)

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4
Q

What are the functional components of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Somatic afferent and efferents

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5
Q

Where does the mandibular division of the trigeminal exit the skull?

A

The oval notch of the foramen lacerum

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6
Q

The lingual branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal provides general sensation to which structure or region?

A

The rostral two-thirds of the tongue

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7
Q

The mandibular or inferior alveolar branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal provides general sensation to which structure or region?

A

The lower teeth

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8
Q

The buccal branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal provides general sensation to which structure or region?

A

The mucosa of the inner cheek

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9
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal?

A

Muscles which close the jaws, including the masseter, temporalis, and pterygoid muscles
Rostral belly of the digastricus
Mylohyoideus

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10
Q

The mental and auriculotemporal branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal provide general sensation to which structures or regions?

A

The skin on the lower half of the face and the temporomandibular joint

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of a lesion in the mandibular division of the trigeminal?

A

Jaw drop- may be unilateral or bilateral

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12
Q

What are the functional components of the maxillary division of the trigeminal?

A

Somatic afferents

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13
Q

The infraorbital branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal provides general sensation to which structures or regions?

A

Upper lip, and the upper half of the face

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14
Q

The zygomatic branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal provides general sensation to which structures or regions?

A

Lower eyelid, lateral canthus, and the skin rostral to the ears

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15
Q

The caudal and internal nasal branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal provide general sensation to which structures or regions?

A

Ectodermal lining of the nasal cavity, except the ethmoturbinates

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16
Q

The maxillary or superior alveolar branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal provide general sensation to which structures or regions?

A

The upper teeth

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17
Q

The palatine branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal provide general sensation to which structures or regions?

A

The hard palate

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18
Q

Where does the maxillary division of the trigeminal exit the skull?

A

The round foramen

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19
Q

What are the functional components of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal?

A

Somatic afferents

20
Q

Where does the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal exit the skull?

A

The orbital fissure

21
Q

The lacrimal, frontal, and infratrochlear branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal provide general sensation to which structures or regions? Which additional structure do these nerves innervate in the cow?

A

The skin of the forehead

In cows, it also innervates the horns

22
Q

The long ciliary and infratrochlear branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal innervate which structures or regions?

A

The cornea and the conjunctiva

23
Q

Which nerve provides general sensation to the mucosa covering the large and small ethmoturbinates?

A

The ethmoidal nerve (branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal)

24
Q

What are the clinical signs of a lesion in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal?

A

Loss of sensation in the areas it innervate, lack of a corneal reflex?

25
Q

What are the functional components of the facial nerve?

A

Somatic afferents and efferents

26
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

A

The stylomastoid foramen

27
Q

The skeletal muscles of the face are innervated by which branches of the facial nerve?

A

Dorsal buccal, ventral buccal, auriculopalpebral, and caudal auricular

28
Q

What kind of innervation does the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve provide the tongue? Which region of the tongue?

A

Provides taste fibers to rostral two-thirds of the tongue

29
Q

Which salivary glands are innervated by parasympathetics from the facial nerve?

A

The mandibular and sublingual salivary glands

30
Q

Which structures have parasympathetic motor innervation from branches of the facial nerve?

A

Glands of the nasal cavity and the lacrimal gland

31
Q

The internal auricular branch of the facial nerve provides somatic afferent innervation to which structures or regions?

A

The skin on the inside of the ear

32
Q

In addition to the muscles controlling facial expression, which muscles are innervated by the facial nerve?

A

The caudal belly of the digastricus and the occipitomandibularis

33
Q

What are the clinical signs of a lesion in the facial nerve?

A

Facial nerve paralysis- mouth hangs, eyelid drops, loss of symmetry in the face
Halitosis from food remaining in mouth- can’t be moved or chewed

34
Q

What are the functional components of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Somatic afferent and efferents

35
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit the skull?

A

The foramen lacerum

36
Q

The lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve provides what kind of innervation to which structures or regions?

A

General sensation and taste to the caudal one-third of the tongue

37
Q

The pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve provides sensory innervation to which structures or regions? Which reflex depends on the sensory information it carries?

A

The pharynx

Swallowing or gagging reflex

38
Q

The pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve provides motor innervation to which muscles?

A

The skeletal muscles of the pharynx

39
Q

What are the receptors innervated by the carotid sinus branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Chemoreceptors for blood pH and CO2 in the carotid body

Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus

40
Q

Which salivary gland is innervated by parasympathetics from the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

The parotid salivary gland

41
Q

What are the clinical signs of a lesion in the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Dysphagia

42
Q

What are the functional components of the vagus nerve?

A

Mixed

Afferent and efferents

43
Q

Somatic afferents from the vagus nerve innervate which structures or regions?

A

Pharynx, larynx, esophagus, upper GI tract

Baroreceptors, stretch receptors, and chemoreceptors in the heart

44
Q

Which reflexes depend in part on the vagus nerve?

A

Swallowing or gagging, cough or choke, vomiting, and regurgitation in the ruminant

45
Q

The vagus nerve innervates which group of muscles?

A

The skeletal muscles of the larynx via the recurrent laryngeal nerve

46
Q

What are the clinical signs of a lesion in the vagus nerve?

A

Dysphagia, laryngeal hemiplegia

47
Q

Infection in the guttural pouch can damage which nerve?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve

Large Animal Anatomy (7 decks)

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