cranial nerves 2

Question 1

the parasympathetic fibers in the oculomotor nerve supply what? interruption of this causes?

Answer 1

sphincter pupillae and ciliary mm. interuption causes dilated pupil and failure to accomodate.

Question 2

sympathetic fibers of the occulomotor nerve CN III, supply the vessels of the ___ and ___. what is its effect on the pupil?

Answer 2

vessels of the eyeball and cornea

dilated pupil is associated with fear.

Question 3

sensory fibers of the occulomotor n CN III reach the eyeball and cornea via the ____ branch of what nerve?

Answer 3

nasociliary branch of the ophthalmic n. the integrity of these fibers is essential for the protection of the delicate corneal epithelium.

Question 4

what does a lesion of the occulomotor nerve present as>

Answer 4

ptosis of the eyelid due to paralysis of levator palpebrae m.
lateral strabismus from the unopposed action of the lateral rectus (CN VI)
dilation of the pupil and loss of accommodation and pupillary contraction on exposure to light due to the paralysis of sphincter pupillae and ciliary m.

Question 5

CN IV is purely sensory or motor? supplying what?

Answer 5

trochlear n, purely motor, supplying the superior oblique muscle.

Question 6

what is the only cranial nerve to arise from the dorsal aspect of the brain stem?

Answer 6

CN IV, trochlear n

Question 7

lesion of CN IV presents how?

Answer 7

leaves the individual unable to turn their eye downwards and laterally

Question 8

CN IV travels under the free edge of what? and enters the orbit how?

Answer 8

free edge of the tentorium cerebelli and enters through the SOF.

Question 9

what is the largest cranial N?

Answer 9

trigeminal nerve

Question 10

what nerve is the main sensory nerve to the face, scalp, teeth, mouth, and nasal cavity?

Answer 10

trigeminal n CN V

Question 11

what nerve innervates the muscles of mastification?

Answer 11

CN V

Question 12

what does CN V turn into after forming the trigeminal ganglion ?

Answer 12

three parts

ophthalmic division V1
maxillary division V2
mandibular division V3

Question 13

where is the trigeminal ganglion located?

Answer 13

in the cavum trigeminale.

Question 14

v1 opthalmic division of CV V is purely?

Answer 14

sensory

Question 15

what branch of the CV V supplies sensory to the cornea, lacrimal gland, conjuctiva, mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, skin of the nose, eyelids, scalp, and forehead?

Answer 15

V1 ophthalmic division of CN V

Question 16

V1 exits the brain stem how? then what does it split into?

Answer 16

the SOF

lacrimal nerve, frontal n, and nasociliary n.

Question 17

what does the lacrimal n innervate?

Answer 17

lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, and skin of upper eyelid.

Question 18

the frontal nerve, a division of V1, divides into two nerves, what are they? what do they supply?

Answer 18

the supratrochlear n and the supraorbital n, these supply the eyelid, conjunctiva, and skin of the forehead.

Question 19

the nasociliary branch innervates what?

Answer 19

the nasal mucosa, ethmoidal, and sphenoid sinuses.

Question 20

what does the nasociliary n communicate with to give postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the ___ ___ _.

Answer 20

communicates with the ciliary ganglion passing post ganglionic sympathetic fibers to the short ciliary nn.

Question 21

both ____ ___ and ____ fibers pass to the ciliary body and iris.

Answer 21

post ganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.

Question 22

further along what branch does the nasociliary n give off that carries postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the dilator pupillae and afferent fibers to the cornea?

Answer 22

long ciliary nerves.

Question 23

from medial to lateral what is the branching pattern of V1?

Answer 23

nasociliary, frontal, and lacrimal.

NFL

Question 24

V2 maxillary division of CV V is purely ___ to what>

Answer 24

sensory supplying the skin over the maxilla, upper teeth, hard and soft palate

Question 25

V2 maxillary division brings parasympathetic fibers to what? what is the purpose of this structure?

Answer 25

the lacrimal gland whose vasomotor action cause the gland to secrete tears to keep the eye moist.

Question 26

how does V2 exit the cranial cavity?

Answer 26

through foramen rotundum .

Question 27

once v2 passes foramen rotundum, it has entered the?

Answer 27

pterygopalantine fossa

Question 28

to exit the pterygopalatine fossa what foramen does V2 pass?

Answer 28

the inferior orbital fissure

Question 29

within the fossa, what hangs from V2?

Answer 29

the pterygopalatine ganglion.

Question 30

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from what nerve synapse in the pterygopalantine ganglion?

Answer 30

the great petrosal nerve from fascial CN VII.

Question 31

the great petrosal nerve fuses with what nerve to form what?

Answer 31

fuses with the deep petrosal nerve which carries postganglionic sympathetic fibers to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal.

Question 32

both autonomic fibers travel how after the pterygopalatine ganglion to reach the lacrimal gland to supply secretomotor innervation?

Answer 32

through the zygomatic n another branch of V2.

Question 33

what branch of V2 takes foramen rotundum--> pterygopalantine fossa--> inferior orbital fissure and comes out of the infraorbital foramen?

Answer 33

the infraorbital N.

Question 34

what branch of V2 takes foramen rotundum--> pterygopalantine fossa--> inferior orbital fissure--> down through the maxillary sinus to the upper teeth?

Answer 34

the superior alveolar Nerves.

Question 35

what branch of V2 goes through foramen rotundum--> passes through the pterygopalantine ganglion and down through the lesser and greater palantine foramen in the hard palate?

Answer 35

the lesser and greater palatine nerves respectively.

Question 36

V3 mandibular divison of CN V contains what type of fibers?

Answer 36

both motor and sensory fibers.

Question 37

how does V3 mandibular division leave the cranial cavity>

Answer 37

through foramen ovale

Question 38

after passing through forament ovale, V3 descends where?

Answer 38

into the infratemporal fossa.

Question 39

in the infatemporal fossa V3 gives off motor branches to what structures>

Answer 39

motor to muscles of mastication: tensor palati, medial pterygoid, tensor tympani mm.

Question 40

after V3 gives off motor branches in the infratemporal fossa it divides into what>?

Answer 40

anterior and posterior divisions.

Question 41

the anterior division gives rise to what main nerve ?

Answer 41

buccal nerve

Question 42

buccal nerve, a branch of the anterior divsion of V3 in the infratemporal fossa gives ___ to the muscous membrane of the ___

Answer 42

sensory to the cheek

Question 43

the anterior division of v3 gives off buccal n and what other branches?

Answer 43

motor branches to the remaining muscles of mastication: temporalis, lateral pterygoid, masseter.

Question 44

the posterior division of V3 in the infra-temporal fossa is predominantly ____. except for one exception, what is this exception?

Answer 44

sensory. motor branch called the nerve to the mylohyoid.

Question 45

the n to the mylohyoid innervates what?

Answer 45

motor innervation to the anterior belly of the digastric and the mylohyoid.

Question 46

what are the sensory branches of the posterior division of V3 in the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 46

the auriculotemporal n, lingual n, inferior alveolar n

Question 47

along what nerve does the n to the mylohyoid hitch a ride on?

Answer 47

the inferior alveolar n.

Question 48

what nerve gives sensory to the external ear, parotid gland, and superficial temporal regions?

Answer 48

the auriculotemporal n

Question 49

what hitches a ride on the ariculotemporal n?

Answer 49

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers coming from the otic ganglion to reach the parotid gland

Question 50

what provides sensory to the anterior 2.3 of the tongue, floor of the mouth and mandibular glands?

Answer 50

lingual n

Question 51

the submandibular ganglion is suspended from the lingual n and provides postganglionic parasympathetic stimuli, that hitches along the lingual n, what is this nerve called and where is it from?

Answer 51

the chorda tympani from the fascial n. provides innervation to both the submandibular and sublingal glands

Question 52

what does the taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 52

the chorda tympani from CN VII which meets the lingual n in the infratemporal fossa.

Question 53

how does the inferior alveolar nerve pass into the ramus of the mandible?

Answer 53

at the mandibular foramen

Question 54

immediately before going through the mandibular foramen, what motor branch does the inferior alveolar nerve give off?

Answer 54

the n to the mylohyoid.

Question 55

what nerve provides sensory to the lower teeth and gums?

Answer 55

the inferior alveolar n

Question 56

how does the inferior alveolar nerve terminate?

Answer 56

into mental n after it passes through mental foramen

Question 57

what does mental n supply?

Answer 57

sensory to the skin over the mandible.

Question 58

CN VI innervates what?

Answer 58

motor innervation to a single extraocular muscle. the lateral rectus.

Question 59

what does CN VI run through before going through the ___ to enter the orbit

Answer 59

it runs through the cavernous sinus before going through the SOF to enter the orbit.

Question 60

how can infections pass from the face into the cavernous sinus via gravity?

Answer 60

through the superior and inferior ophthalmic vv

Question 61

once the infection reaches the cavernous sinus what n is effected and what is the clinical presentation of this?

Answer 61

abducens n, patient loses the ability to direct their gaze laterally and the eyeball may have a medially directed appearance due to the unopposed action of the medial rectus bc function of lateral recuts is gone.

Question 62

as an infection continues to spread past CN VI, it will enter the dural wall of the sinus and effect what nerves? resulting in?

Answer 62

CN III, IV resulting in the frozen eyeball, incapable of movement in any direction.

Question 63

facial nerves has what type of roots?

Answer 63

both motor and sensory

Question 64

what nerve gives motor innervation to the stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of the digastric and muscles of fascial expression?

Answer 64

CN VII

Question 65

how do the roots of the fascial nerve exit the cranial cavity>

Answer 65

via the internal acoustic meatus

Question 66

once in the internal acoustic meatus the fascial n takes a sharp turn and exits inferiorly at what?

Answer 66

the stylomastoid foramen

Question 67

within the temporal bone of fascial nerve gives off what branches?

Answer 67

the greater petrosal nerve (preganglionic fibers), nerve to the stapedius m, and chorda tympani

Question 68

the greater and deep petrosal nerves merge to form what? together what do they pierce?

Answer 68

the nerve of the pterygoid canal and their pierce the foramen lacerum.

Question 69

what fibers are found in the greater and deep petrosal n?

Answer 69

the greater: preganglionic parasympathetic | deep: post ganglionic sympathetic

Question 70

how is the sympathetic innervation of the submandibular and sublingual glands regulated?

Answer 70

by vasoconstriction of blood flow. less blood flow, the more saliva produced

Question 71

CN VIII is a purely ?

Answer 71

sensory nerve

Question 72

how does CN VIII exit the cranial cavity?

Answer 72

through the internal acoustic meatus.

Question 73

once in the temporal bone, CN VIII divides into what?

Answer 73

the vestibular n (balance) and cochlear n (hearing)

Question 74

CN IX has what fibers in it?

Answer 74

motor, sensory, and pregnaglionic parasympathetic fibers.

Question 75

where do the preganglionic parasympathetic fiber from CN IX go to?

Answer 75

the otic ganglion.

Question 76

where does the CN IX leave the cranial cavity?

Answer 76

jugular foramen

Question 77

what do the motor fiber of CN IX innervate?

Answer 77

the stylopharyngeus

Question 78

what nerve provides the sensory and taste of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, tonsils, soft palate and the pharynx?

Answer 78

the glossopharyngeal n

Question 79

what nerve split around an A in the infratemporal fossa | ? what is the name of the artery

Answer 79

the auricuotemporal n splits around the middle meningeal a.

Question 80

a sensory branch of what nerve goes down along the internal carotid a to supply the carotid sinus (baroreceptor) and the carotid body (chemoreceptor)?

Answer 80

a sensory branch from CN IX

Question 81

what is the path of the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers associated with CN IX ?

Answer 81

pre ganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel through the lesser petrosal n to go to the otic ganglion synapse and then post ganglionic fibers travel to the parotid gland to stimulate secretion

Question 82

parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland is ______ and leads to what? sympathetic innervation leads to?

Answer 82

vasomotor leads to water rich serous saliva secretion. symp: leads to production of low volume, enzyme rich saliva.

Question 83

How does CN X exit the cranial cavity?

Answer 83

the jugular foramen

Question 84

the vagus nerve has what type of ribers?

Answer 84

motor, sensory, and parasympathetic

Question 85

what nerve supplies motor fibers to the voluntary m of the larynx and pharynx?

Answer 85

CN X

Question 86

what is the principal motor nerve of the pharynx, that innervates all the muscles of the phayrnx and soft palate? this has one exception, what is it?

Answer 86

the pharyngeal plexus exception: innervates all phayrnx m except the tensor palate and that it the CN V V3 division

Question 87

what are the branches of the vagus nerve?

Answer 87

the vagus nerve comes out of the jugular foramen, gives off the pharyngeal branch, then gives rise to the superior laryngeal branch, and the recurrent laryngeal branch.

Question 88

what are the addtional branches of the superior laryngeal branch of the CN X?

Answer 88

internal laryngeal n and external laryngeal n

Question 89

what does the internal laryngeal provide sensory to?

Answer 89

the larynx above the vocal cords.

Question 90

what does the external laryngeal n provide ?

Answer 90

motor to the cricothyroid m

Question 91

the recurrent laryngeal nerve provides what type of innervation to what? exception?

Answer 91

motor innervation to all muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid and supply sensory innervation to the mucosa below the vocal cords

Question 92

where does CN X supplt preganglionic parasympathetic branches to?

Answer 92

the thorax and abdomen all the way to mid transverse colon.

Question 93

where does CN XI arise?

Answer 93

spinal rootlets of c1-5/6

Question 94

the rootlets of CN XI come together and pass through the?

Answer 94

foramen magnum,

Question 95

how does CN XI leave the cranial cavity?

Answer 95

the jugular foreman

Question 96

CN XI provides motor innervation to what

Answer 96

the trapezius and SCM

Question 97

CN XII provides motor innervation to what?

Answer 97

motor to the tongue, innervating all the intrinsic and extrinsic m including the stylkoglossus, hyoglossus, and genioglossus

Question 98

how does CN XII leave the cranial cavity?

Answer 98

through the hypoglossal canal

Question 99

what fiber hitches a ride on CN XII? to form what

Answer 99

c1 via CN XII becomes descendens hypoglossi to ansa cervicalis to ascendings cervical

Question 100

all muscles of the tongue are innervated by what? what is the exception?

Answer 100

the hypoglossal n CN XII exception: palatoglossus which is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus via CN X

Question 101

all the muscles of the soft palate are innervated by what? exception?

Answer 101

all innervated by the pharyngeal plexus via the vagus nerve except the tensor palati which is innervated by the mandibular division V3

Question 102

all muscles of the pharynx are innervated by what? exception?

Answer 102

all innervated by the pharyngeal plexus CN X except the stylopharyngeus which gets motor innervation form the CN IX

Question 103

all the muscles of the larynx are innervated by? exception'/

Answer 103

all innervated by the recurrent laryngeal n except the cricothyroid and that is innervated by the external laryngeal n

Question 104

sensory innervation above the vocal folds is done by?below the fold?

Answer 104

internal laryngeal n above | below: recurrent laryngeal