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Nervous System and Pain Exam 1 > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what is the sensory and/or motor function of CN I - Olfactory Nerve?

A

only sensory for special sensation of smell (olfaction)

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2
Q

what is the CNS origin of CN I?

A

emerges from the forebrain

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3
Q

what cranial fossae and foramina does CN I travel through?

A
  • anterior cranial fossa
  • cribriform plate (ethmoid)
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4
Q

what is the location of the ganglia/nuclei and the cortical region CN I is destined for?

A
  • olfactory glomeruli
  • olfactory cortex of temporal lobe
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5
Q

what is the clinical relevance of CN I?

A

the cribriform plate is a weak spot of the anterior cranial fossa so trauma/fracture could lead to anosmia

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6
Q

what is the sensory and/or motor function of CN II - Optic Nerve

A

only sensory for special sensation of sight

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7
Q

what is the CNS origin of CN II?

A

forebrain

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8
Q

what cranial fossae and foramina does CN II travel through?

A
  • retinal ganglion cell axons pass through the optic canal
  • axons continue in the optic tract after the optic chiasm of the middle cranial fossa
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9
Q

what is the location of the ganglion/nuclei of CN II and what is its cortical region destination?

A
  • lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
  • occipital lobe
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10
Q

what is the clinical relevance of CN II?

A

optic nerve trauma or pathological damage results in anopsia

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11
Q

what is the sensory and/or motor function of CN III - Occulomotor Nerve

A

only motor for somatic efferent innervation to extraocular muscles and parasympathetic innervation to intraocular muscles

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12
Q

what are the extraocular and intraocular muscles innervated by CN III?

A

Extraocular
- superior rectus
- inferior rectus
- medial rectus
- inferior oblique
- levator palpebrae superioris
Intraocular
- pupillary constrictors
- ciliary muscles

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13
Q

what is the CNS origin of CN III?

A

midbrain

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14
Q

what cranial fossa and foramina does CN III travel through?

A
  • middle cranial fossa
  • superior orbital fissure
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15
Q

what is the location of the ganglion/nuclei of CN III and what is its cortical region destination?

A
  • oculomotor nuclei (edinger-westphal) in midbrain
  • frontal eye field in the frontal lobe
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16
Q

what is the clinical relevance of CN III?

A
  • CN III palsy can cause ptosis, mydriasis and the eye to be oriented down and out when looking straight.
  • sudden onset of these symptoms suggests trauma, aneurysm or brain herniation
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17
Q

what is the sensory and/or motor function of CN IV - Trochlear Nerve?

A

only motor for somatic innervation to one extraocular muscle (superior oblique) for intorsion, depression and abduction

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18
Q

what is the CNS origin of CN IV?

A

dorsal midbrain

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19
Q

what cranial fossa and foramina does CN IV travel through?

A
  • middle cranial fossa
  • superior orbital fissure
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20
Q

what is the location of the ganglion/nuclei for CN IV and what cortical region is its destination?

A
  • trochlear nucleus in midbrain
  • frontal lobe
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21
Q

what is the clinical relevance of CN IV?

A
  • eye would be elevated and adducted due to unopposed actions of superior rectus and medial rectus
  • eye is extorted due to unopposed action of inferior oblique which causes a compensatory head tilt
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22
Q

look at Trigeminal nerve lecture for details

A
23
Q

what is the sensory and/or motor function of CN VI - Abducens Nerve?

A

only motor for somatic efferent innervation to one extraocular muscle (lateral rectus) for abduction

24
Q

what is the CNS origin for CN VI?

A

pontomedullary junction

25
Q

what cranial fossa and foramina does CN VI travel through?

A
  • middle cranial fossa
  • superior orbital fissure
26
Q

what is the ganglion/nuclei of CN VI and what is its cortical destination?

A
  • abducens nucleus located in the pons
  • frontal lobe
27
Q

what is the clinical relevance of CN VI?

A

eye is adducted due to unopposed medial rectus muscle when looking straight

28
Q

look at Facial nerve lecture for details

A
29
Q

what is the sensory and/or motor function of CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear Nerve?

A

only sensory for special sensations of hearing and balance

30
Q

what is the CNS origin of CN VIII?

A

pontomedullary junction

31
Q

what cranial fossa and foramina does CN VIII travel through?

A
  • posterior cranial fossa
  • internal acoustic meatus
32
Q

what is the ganglion/nuclei of CN VIII and what is its cortical region destination?

A
  • vestibular and cochlear nuclei in pons/medulla
  • temporal lobe (auditory) parietal lobe (vestibular)
33
Q

what is the clinical relevance for CN VIII?

A
  • labryrinthitis: inflammation of the membraneous labyrinth resulting in damage to branches of vestibularcochlear nerve leading to sensorineural hearing loss or tinnitus
  • lesion at the internal acoustic meatus or in the petrous temporal bone can lead to ipsilateral hearing loss and vertigo (CN VII can also be damaged)
34
Q

what is the sensory and/or motor function of CN IX - Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

A

Sensory
- general to posterior tongue, oropharynx, middle ear and eustachian tube
- special to posterior tongue for taste

Motor
- somatic is inconsequential
- autonomic is parasympathetics for secretomotor to parotid gland

35
Q

what is the CNS origin for CN IX?

A

medulla

36
Q

what is the fossa and foramina that CN IX travels through?

A
  • posterior cranial fossa
  • jugular foramen
37
Q

what is the ganglion/nucleus for CN IX and which cortical region is its destination?

A
  • nuclei located in medulla
  • taste registers to the insular cortex
38
Q

what is the clinical relevance for CN IX?

A
  • when testing the gag reflex, the stimulus is detected by the sensory receptors of CN IX
  • IX, X and XI all pass through jugular foramen so a stenosis or space occupying lesion may effect all three
39
Q

what is the sensory and/or motor function of CN X - Vagus Nerve?

A

Sensory
- general to larynx and pharynx
- visceral afferents to abdominal and thoracic organs
- special to taste for epiglottis
Motor
- larynx, pharynx and soft palate
- parasympathetics innervate smooth muscles of trachea, bronchi, gastrointestinal tract and regulated heart rhythm

40
Q

what is the CNS origin for CN X?

A

medulla

41
Q

what is the fossa and foramina that CN X travels through?

A
  • posterior cranial fossa
  • jugular foramen
42
Q

where is the ganglion/nuclei located for CN X and what is the cortical region its fibers are destined for?

A
  • medulla
  • frontal lobe (motor commands) insular cortex (taste)
43
Q

what is the clinical relevance for CN X?

A
  • lesions are rare but some branches like the recurrent laryngeal are susceptible to compression
  • far-ranging effects that pharmacotherapeutics take advantage of (beta blockers, muscarinic agonists and cardiac glycosides)
44
Q

what is the sensory and/or motor function of CN XI - Spinal Accessory Nerve?

A

only motor for somatic efferent innervation to two muscles ( sternocleidomastoid and trapezius)

45
Q

what is the CNS origin for CN XI?

A

medulla

46
Q

what is the fossa and foramina that CN XI travels through?

A
  • posterior cranial fossa
  • jugular foramen (spinal portion ascend through foramen magnum)
47
Q

where is the ganglion/nuclei located for CN XI and what is the cortical region its fibers are destined for?

A
  • medulla and upper cervical spinal cord
  • frontal lobe
48
Q

what is the clinical relevance for CN XI?

A
  • accessory nerve damage (iatrogenic) can cause muscle wasting and partial paralysis of the sternocleidomastoid resulting in inability to rotate the head or weakness in shrugging the shoulders
  • can also cause asymmetric neckline
49
Q

what is the sensory and/or motor function for CN XII - Hypoglossal Nerve?

A

only motor for somatic efferent innervation to the tongue muscles ( genioglossus, hyoglossus and styloglossus)

50
Q

what is the CNS origin of CN XII?

A

medulla

51
Q

what fossa and foramina does CN XII travel through?

A
  • posterior cranial fossa
  • hypoglossal canal
52
Q

where is the ganglion/nuclei located for CN XII and what is the cortical region its fibers are destined for?

A
  • located in the medulla
  • frontal lobe
53
Q

what is the clinical relevance of CN XII?

A
  • lesions superior to the hypoglossal nucleus will cause contralateral tongue deviation
  • lesions inferior to the CN XII nucleus results in ipsilateral tongue deviation

Nervous System and Pain Exam 1 (11 decks)

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