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Vertebrate Physiology > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of CN I ?

A

Olfactory nerve

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2
Q

What tract does the olfactory nerve have?

A

Afferent - sensory only
Ipsilateral

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3
Q

What is the function of the olfactory nerve?

A

Carries input from receptors in olfactory (smell) epithelium

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4
Q

What is the primary cortex of the olfactory nerve?

A

Inferior frontal lobe
Medial temporal lobe

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5
Q

What receptors does the olfactory nerve have?

A

Chemoreceptors

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6
Q

What tests are performed for the olfactory nerve?

A

Olfaction test

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7
Q

What is the name of CN II ?

A

Optic nerve

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8
Q

What is the tract of the optic nerve?

A

Afferent
Bilateral hemi-decussation

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9
Q

What is the function of the optic nerve?

A

Carries input from receptors in the eye

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10
Q

What is the primary cortex of the optic nerve?

A

Posterior occipital lobe

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11
Q

What are the receptors of the optic nerve?

A

Photoreceptors
rods/cones

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12
Q

What tests are done to test the optic nerve?

A

Pupillary reflex
Visual acuity
Astigmatism

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13
Q

What is the name of CN III ?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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14
Q

What is the tract of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Efferent
Afferent
Ipsilateral

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15
Q

What is the function of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Efferent - innervates skeletal muscles that move eyeball up, down, and medially, and raise upper eyelid; innervates smooth muscles that constrict pupil and alter lens shape for near & far vision
SR, IR, MR, IO
(LR6SO4)3
Pupil constrictor muscle
Ciliary muscle
Raise upper eyelid

Afferent - transmits information from receptors in muscles

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16
Q

What is the primary cortex of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Postcentral gyrus

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17
Q

What are the receptors of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Aff. - muscle spindles/tendon organs

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18
Q

What is the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Midbrain

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19
Q

What are tests for the oculomotor nerve?

A

6 cardinal points
Extorsion
Ptosis

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20
Q

What is the name of CN IV ?

A

Trochlear nerve

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21
Q

What is the tract of the trochlear nerve?

A

Efferent
Afferent
Contralateral

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22
Q

What is the function of the trochlear nerve?

A

Efferent - innervates skeletal muscles that move the eyeball down and laterally
(LR6SO4)3 -> SO4 , superior oblique moves the eye inferior/medial

Afferent - Transmits information from receptors in muscles

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23
Q

What is the primary cortex of the trochlear nerve?

A

Postcentral gyrus

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24
Q

What are the receptors of the trochlear nerve?

A

Aff. - MS/TO

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25
Q

Where is the nucleus of the trochlear nerve found?

A

Midbrain

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26
Q

What are the tests for the trochlear nerve?

A

Intorsion

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27
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve originate?

A

Dorsal midbrain

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28
Q

What is the name of CN V ?

A

Trigeminal nerve

V1 - opthalamic
V2 - maxillary
V3 - mandibular

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29
Q

What tract does the trigeminal nerve have?

A

Efferent and Afferent

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30
Q

What tract is the CN V1?

A

Afferent only

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31
Q

What tract is CN V2 ?

A

Afferent only

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32
Q

What tract is CN V3?

A

Afferent + Efferent

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33
Q

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Afferent; transmits information from receptors in skin; skeletal muscles of face, nose, mouth, teeth sockets (V1 and V2)

Efferent; innervates skeletal muscles used for chewing
Afferent V3; inferior face (V3)

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34
Q

What is the primary cortex of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Postcentral gyrus

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35
Q

What are the receptors of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Aff; general sensory, temp, touch, thermo, nocic

Eff; MS/TO

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36
Q

Where is the nucleus of the trigeminal nerve found?

A

Pons

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37
Q

What tests are performed for the trigeminal nerve?

A

3 divisional testing
Corneal reflex

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38
Q

What is not a function of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Taste

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39
Q

What is the name of CN VI ?

A

Abducens nerve

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40
Q

What is the tract of the abducens nerve?

A

Efferent
Afferent
Ipsilateral

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41
Q

What is the function of the abducens nerve?

A

Efferent; innervate muscles that move eyeball laterally (lateral rectus (LR6SO4)3

Afferent; transmits hearing and balance information from receptors in muscles

42
Q

What is the primary cortex of the abducens nerve?

A

Postcentral gyrus

43
Q

Where is the nucleus of the abducens nerve?

A

Pons

44
Q

What are the receptors of the abducens nerve?

A

MS/TO

45
Q

What is a test for the abducens nerve?

A

Extorsion

46
Q

What is the name of CN VII ?

A

Facial nerve

47
Q

What is the tract for the facial nerve?

A

Efferent
Afferent
Ipsilateral

48
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve?

A

Efferent; innervates skeletal muscles of facial expression and swallowing; innervates nose, palate, and lacrimal and salivary glands

Afferent; transmits information from taste buds in front of tongue and mouth (anterior 2/3 of tongue)

49
Q

What is the primary cortex of the facial nerve?

A

Postcentral gyrus for both aff. and eff.

50
Q

What are the receptors for the facial nerve?

A

Aff; chemoreceptors

Eff; tendon organs (skeletal muscles)

51
Q

Where is the nucleus for the facial nerve?

A

Pons

52
Q

What are tests for the facial nerve?

A

Sensory: taste testing
Motor: facial expression

53
Q

What CN are in charge of taste?

A

CN VII, IX, X

54
Q

What is the name of CN VIII ?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

55
Q

What is the tract of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Afferent - sensory only
Ipsilateral

56
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Aff; transmits hearing and balance information from receptors in inner ear

57
Q

What are the receptors of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Hair cells
Vestibular and auditory information -> mechanoreceptors

58
Q

Where is the nucleus of the vestibulocochlear nerve found?

A

Pons

59
Q

What are tests for the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Vestibulo-ocular reflex
Screen hearing
Sound localization
Rinne test
Weber test

60
Q

Where do we become consciously aware of balance?

A

Postcentral gyrus

61
Q

What is a vestibular ocular reflex (VOR)?

A

Balance

62
Q

What is the name of CN IX ?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

63
Q

What tract is the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Efferent
Afferent
Ipsilateral

64
Q

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Eff; innervates skeletal muscles involved in swallowing and parotid salivary gland
Tongue + pharynx. Involuntary, skeletal muscles

Aff; Transmits information from taste buds at back of tongue & receptors in auditory-tube skin;
also transmits information from carotid artery baroreceptors (BP receptors) and chemoreceptors that detect changes in blood gas levels
Taste (posterior 1/3) -> postcentral gyrus

65
Q

What is the primary cortex of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Postcentral gyrus

66
Q

What are the receptors for the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors

67
Q

Where is the nucleus for the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Medulla oblongata

68
Q

What are tests for the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Gag reflex
Uvular reflex

69
Q

What is the name of CN X ?

A

Vagus nerve

70
Q

What is the tract for the vagus nerve?

A

Efferent
Affterent
Ipsilateral

71
Q

What is the function of the vagus nerve?

A

Eff; innervates skeletal muscles of pharynx and larynx and smooth muscle and glands of thorax and abdomen.
Motor to Involuntary swallowing. Cardiac. Dig. tract.

Aff; Tramsats information from receptors in thorax and abdomen. General sensory from abdominopelvic cavity, taste to posterior mouth.

72
Q

What is the primary cortex for the vagus nerve?

A

Postcentral gyrus

73
Q

What are the receptors of the vagus nerve?

A

Chemoreceptors?
Baroreceptors?

74
Q

Where is the nucleus for the vagus nerve?

A

Medulla oblongata

75
Q

What are tests for the vagus nerve?

A

Gag reflex
Uvular appearance
Uvular reflex
Voice hoarseness
Throat pain
Vocalization (ah)
Cough/swallow

76
Q

What is the name of CN XI ?

A

Accessory nerve

77
Q

What is the tract for the accessory nerve?

A

Efferent
Ipsilateral

78
Q

Does the accessory nerve have an afferent tract?

A

Generally don’t see

79
Q

What is the function of the accessory nerve?

A

Eff; innervates sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle in the neck

80
Q

What is the primary cortex of the accessory nerve?

A

N/A since it’s motor only

81
Q

What are the receptors for the accessory nerve?

A

Mechanoreceptors
MS/TO
>????

82
Q

Where is the nucleus for the accessory nerve?

A

Medulla oblongata

83
Q

What are tests for the accessory nerve?

A

Shoulder shrug
Shoulder symmetry/atrophy
MMT of SCM
SCM palpation

84
Q

What is the name of CN XII ?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

85
Q

What is the tract for the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Efferent
Ipsilateral

86
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Eff; innervates skeletal muscles of the tongue

87
Q

What is the primary cortex of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

N/A since motor only

88
Q

What are the receptors for the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Muscle spindles to cervial spinal nerves - skeletal muscle

89
Q

Where is the nucleus for the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Medulla oblongata

90
Q

What are tests for the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Speech articulation
Tongue movement
Tongue appearance

91
Q

Where is the nucleus for CN I and II?

A

In sensory organ which gets sent down

92
Q

What CNs have their nucleus in the midbrain?

A

CN III and IV

93
Q

What CNs have their nucleus in the pons?

A

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

94
Q

What CNs have their nucleus in the medulla oblongata?

A

CN IX, X, XI, XII

95
Q

How to remember order of nucleus in CNs?

A

2
2 midbrain
4 pons
4 medulla oblongata

96
Q

What does (LR6SO4)3 mean?

A

CN 3, 4, 6 move the eye

The lateral rectus is innervated by CN 6
The superior oblique is innervated by CN 4
CN 3 innervates everything else

97
Q

Somatic vs Viscera (ANS)

A

Somatic is skeletal muscles and associated somatic tissue

ANS is the autonomic nervous system, involuntary movement

98
Q

The primary cortex for somatosensory

A

postcentral gyrus

99
Q

Where is the pre central gyrus?

A

Frontal lobe

100
Q

Where is the post central gyrus?

A

Parietal lobe

Vertebrate Physiology (5 decks)

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