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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of CN I ?

A

Olfactory nerve

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2
Q

What tract does the olfactory nerve have?

A

Afferent - sensory only
Ipsilateral

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3
Q

What is the function of the olfactory nerve?

A

Carries input from receptors in olfactory (smell) epithelium

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4
Q

What is the primary cortex of the olfactory nerve?

A

Inferior frontal lobe
Medial temporal lobe

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5
Q

What receptors does the olfactory nerve have?

A

Chemoreceptors

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6
Q

What tests are performed for the olfactory nerve?

A

Olfaction test

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7
Q

What is the name of CN II ?

A

Optic nerve

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8
Q

What is the tract of the optic nerve?

A

Afferent
Bilateral hemi-decussation

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9
Q

What is the function of the optic nerve?

A

Carries input from receptors in the eye

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10
Q

What is the primary cortex of the optic nerve?

A

Posterior occipital lobe

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11
Q

What are the receptors of the optic nerve?

A

Photoreceptors
rods/cones

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12
Q

What tests are done to test the optic nerve?

A

Pupillary reflex
Visual acuity
Astigmatism

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13
Q

What is the name of CN III ?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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14
Q

What is the tract of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Efferent
Afferent
Ipsilateral

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15
Q

What is the function of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Efferent - innervates skeletal muscles that move eyeball up, down, and medially, and raise upper eyelid; innervates smooth muscles that constrict pupil and alter lens shape for near & far vision
SR, IR, MR, IO
(LR6SO4)3
Pupil constrictor muscle
Ciliary muscle
Raise upper eyelid

Afferent - transmits information from receptors in muscles

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16
Q

What is the primary cortex of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Postcentral gyrus

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17
Q

What are the receptors of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Aff. - muscle spindles/tendon organs

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18
Q

What is the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Midbrain

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19
Q

What are tests for the oculomotor nerve?

A

6 cardinal points
Extorsion
Ptosis

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20
Q

What is the name of CN IV ?

A

Trochlear nerve

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21
Q

What is the tract of the trochlear nerve?

A

Efferent
Afferent
Contralateral

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22
Q

What is the function of the trochlear nerve?

A

Efferent - innervates skeletal muscles that move the eyeball down and laterally
(LR6SO4)3 -> SO4 , superior oblique moves the eye inferior/medial

Afferent - Transmits information from receptors in muscles

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23
Q

What is the primary cortex of the trochlear nerve?

A

Postcentral gyrus

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24
Q

What are the receptors of the trochlear nerve?

A

Aff. - MS/TO

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25
Where is the nucleus of the trochlear nerve found?
Midbrain
26
What are the tests for the trochlear nerve?
Intorsion
27
Where does the trochlear nerve originate?
Dorsal midbrain
28
What is the name of CN V ?
Trigeminal nerve V1 - opthalamic V2 - maxillary V3 - mandibular
29
What tract does the trigeminal nerve have?
Efferent and Afferent
30
What tract is the CN V1?
Afferent only
31
What tract is CN V2 ?
Afferent only
32
What tract is CN V3?
Afferent + Efferent
33
What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?
Afferent; transmits information from receptors in skin; skeletal muscles of face, nose, mouth, teeth sockets (V1 and V2) Efferent; innervates skeletal muscles used for chewing Afferent V3; inferior face (V3)
34
What is the primary cortex of the trigeminal nerve?
Postcentral gyrus
35
What are the receptors of the trigeminal nerve?
Aff; general sensory, temp, touch, thermo, nocic Eff; MS/TO
36
Where is the nucleus of the trigeminal nerve found?
Pons
37
What tests are performed for the trigeminal nerve?
3 divisional testing Corneal reflex
38
What is not a function of the trigeminal nerve?
Taste
39
What is the name of CN VI ?
Abducens nerve
40
What is the tract of the abducens nerve?
Efferent Afferent Ipsilateral
41
What is the function of the abducens nerve?
Efferent; innervate muscles that move eyeball laterally (lateral rectus (LR6SO4)3 Afferent; transmits hearing and balance information from receptors in muscles
42
What is the primary cortex of the abducens nerve?
Postcentral gyrus
43
Where is the nucleus of the abducens nerve?
Pons
44
What are the receptors of the abducens nerve?
MS/TO
45
What is a test for the abducens nerve?
Extorsion
46
What is the name of CN VII ?
Facial nerve
47
What is the tract for the facial nerve?
Efferent Afferent Ipsilateral
48
What is the function of the facial nerve?
Efferent; innervates skeletal muscles of facial expression and swallowing; innervates nose, palate, and lacrimal and salivary glands Afferent; transmits information from taste buds in front of tongue and mouth (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
49
What is the primary cortex of the facial nerve?
Postcentral gyrus for both aff. and eff.
50
What are the receptors for the facial nerve?
Aff; chemoreceptors Eff; tendon organs (skeletal muscles)
51
Where is the nucleus for the facial nerve?
Pons
52
What are tests for the facial nerve?
Sensory: taste testing Motor: facial expression
53
What CN are in charge of taste?
CN VII, IX, X
54
What is the name of CN VIII ?
Vestibulocochlear nerve
55
What is the tract of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Afferent - sensory only Ipsilateral
56
What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Aff; transmits hearing and balance information from receptors in inner ear
57
What are the receptors of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Hair cells Vestibular and auditory information -> mechanoreceptors
58
Where is the nucleus of the vestibulocochlear nerve found?
Pons
59
What are tests for the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Vestibulo-ocular reflex Screen hearing Sound localization Rinne test Weber test
60
Where do we become consciously aware of balance?
Postcentral gyrus
61
What is a vestibular ocular reflex (VOR)?
Balance
62
What is the name of CN IX ?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
63
What tract is the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Efferent Afferent Ipsilateral
64
What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Eff; innervates skeletal muscles involved in swallowing and parotid salivary gland Tongue + pharynx. Involuntary, skeletal muscles Aff; Transmits information from taste buds at back of tongue & receptors in auditory-tube skin; also transmits information from carotid artery baroreceptors (BP receptors) and chemoreceptors that detect changes in blood gas levels Taste (posterior 1/3) -> postcentral gyrus
65
What is the primary cortex of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Postcentral gyrus
66
What are the receptors for the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Baroreceptors Chemoreceptors
67
Where is the nucleus for the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Medulla oblongata
68
What are tests for the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Gag reflex Uvular reflex
69
What is the name of CN X ?
Vagus nerve
70
What is the tract for the vagus nerve?
Efferent Affterent Ipsilateral
71
What is the function of the vagus nerve?
Eff; innervates skeletal muscles of pharynx and larynx and smooth muscle and glands of thorax and abdomen. Motor to Involuntary swallowing. Cardiac. Dig. tract. Aff; Tramsats information from receptors in thorax and abdomen. General sensory from abdominopelvic cavity, taste to posterior mouth.
72
What is the primary cortex for the vagus nerve?
Postcentral gyrus
73
What are the receptors of the vagus nerve?
Chemoreceptors? Baroreceptors?
74
Where is the nucleus for the vagus nerve?
Medulla oblongata
75
What are tests for the vagus nerve?
Gag reflex Uvular appearance Uvular reflex Voice hoarseness Throat pain Vocalization (ah) Cough/swallow
76
What is the name of CN XI ?
Accessory nerve
77
What is the tract for the accessory nerve?
Efferent Ipsilateral
78
Does the accessory nerve have an afferent tract?
Generally don't see
79
What is the function of the accessory nerve?
Eff; innervates sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle in the neck
80
What is the primary cortex of the accessory nerve?
N/A since it's motor only
81
What are the receptors for the accessory nerve?
Mechanoreceptors MS/TO >????
82
Where is the nucleus for the accessory nerve?
Medulla oblongata
83
What are tests for the accessory nerve?
Shoulder shrug Shoulder symmetry/atrophy MMT of SCM SCM palpation
84
What is the name of CN XII ?
Hypoglossal nerve
85
What is the tract for the hypoglossal nerve?
Efferent Ipsilateral
86
What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?
Eff; innervates skeletal muscles of the tongue
87
What is the primary cortex of the hypoglossal nerve?
N/A since motor only
88
What are the receptors for the hypoglossal nerve?
Muscle spindles to cervial spinal nerves - skeletal muscle
89
Where is the nucleus for the hypoglossal nerve?
Medulla oblongata
90
What are tests for the hypoglossal nerve?
Speech articulation Tongue movement Tongue appearance
91
Where is the nucleus for CN I and II?
In sensory organ which gets sent down
92
What CNs have their nucleus in the midbrain?
CN III and IV
93
What CNs have their nucleus in the pons?
CN V, VI, VII, VIII
94
What CNs have their nucleus in the medulla oblongata?
CN IX, X, XI, XII
95
How to remember order of nucleus in CNs?
2 2 midbrain 4 pons 4 medulla oblongata
96
What does (LR6SO4)3 mean?
CN 3, 4, 6 move the eye The lateral rectus is innervated by CN 6 The superior oblique is innervated by CN 4 CN 3 innervates everything else
97
Somatic vs Viscera (ANS)
Somatic is skeletal muscles and associated somatic tissue ANS is the autonomic nervous system, involuntary movement
98
The primary cortex for somatosensory
postcentral gyrus
99
Where is the pre central gyrus?
Frontal lobe
100
Where is the post central gyrus?
Parietal lobe

Vertebrate Physiology (5 decks)

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