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Sensing and Seeing > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerves carry autonomic nerves/parasympathetic fibers with them

A

3, 7, 9 (to the head)
10 (to cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera)

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2
Q

Which cranial nerves run with sympathetic fibers

A

9, 10, 11, 12

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3
Q

What is cranial nerve #0

A

Terminal nerve
passes through cribriform plate and responsible for pheromones

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4
Q

List the cranial nerves

A

1 - olfactory
2 - optic
3 - oculomotor
4 - trochlear
5 - trigemal
6 - abducent
7 - facial
8 - vestibulocochlear
9 - Glossopharyngeal
10 - Vagus
11 - Accessory
12 - Hypoglossal

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5
Q

Which cranial nerves are a part of the CNS

A

CN 1 and 2

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6
Q

Desrcibe the olfactory nerve

A

Made from numerous unmyelinated axons
Bipolar olfactory neurons replaced monthly
Only cranial nerve that does not have a nucleus in the brainstem
Enters though cerebrum (not brainstem/thalamus)

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7
Q

Origin of olfactory nerve

A

Cell bodies (receptors) in olfactory mucosa in ethmoidal conchae and vomeronasal organ

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8
Q

Course of olfactory nerve

A

leave nasal fundus via cribriform plate of ethmoid and then fibers collect together to form the olfactory bulb

Olfactory bulbs form olfactory stria which then goes to piriform lobe

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9
Q

Describe optic nerve

A

Not a true peripheral nerve
Part of brain and it is a tract enveloped by meninges and the dura blends with the sclera

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10
Q

Optic nerve origin

A

Ganglion cells of the retina

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11
Q

optic nerve course

A

Axons converge toward optic papilla to form optic nerve which exit the retina at the optic disc

Optic nerve enters the skull at the optic canal

The nerve from each eye cross at the optic chiasm where median fibers cross to the other side while lateral ones do not

The nerves continue as the optic tract which end in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the thalamus then to the occipital lobe

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12
Q

term for medial optic nerve in the optic chiasm

A

Nasal

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13
Q

Term for lateral optic nerve in the optic chiasm

A

Temporal

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14
Q

Describe the oculomotor nerve

A

Purely motor
Carry parasympathetic fibers

Somatic motor: carries general somatic efferent (GSE) motor fibers to several extra-ocular muscles

Visceral mototr: carries general visceral efferent (GVE) parasympathetic fibers to pupillary sphincter constrictor m. (miosis) and to ciliary muscles (control thickness of lens)

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15
Q

Oculomotor origin

A

Motor nucleus and parasympathetic nucelus in midbrain

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16
Q

Oculomotor course

A

Leaves midbrain between cerebral peduncles

Travels in cavernous sinus with trochlear, opthalmic, and abducent nerves (4,5,6)

Leave cranial cavity through orbital fissure (orbitorotundum in ruminants)

Enters pterygopalatine fossa and courses rostrally to supply structures in orbit

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17
Q

Name the ganglion for the parasympathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerve

A

Ciliary ganglion

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18
Q

What is unique to trochlear nerve

A

smallest cranial nerve
only cranial nerve to emerge from dorsal side of brainstem
only cranial nerve to decussate (cross midline) entirely to innervate contralateral side

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19
Q

What muscle does the trochlear nerve innervate

A

Superior Oblique m

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20
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve exit

A

via the orbital fissure (orbitorotundum in rum.)

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21
Q

which is the largest cranial nerve

A

Trigeminal n

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22
Q

List the branches of the trigeminal nerve and if they are sensory, motor, or mixed and which foramen each exits

A

V1 = Opthalmic, sensory (to eye and adnexa), orbital fissure
V2 = Maxillary, sensory, round foramen
V3 = Mandibular, mixed, oval foramen

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23
Q

Origin of Trigeminal n

A

Motor nucleus: pons
Sensory larger root: trigeminal ganglion

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24
Q

What are the branches of the ophthalmic nerve

A

Lacrimal, Nasociliary, Frontal

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25
Q

Function of lacrimal nerve

A

Parasymp to lacrimal gland
sensory to skin and conjunctiva of the lateral angle of the eye

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26
Q

What are the branches of the nasociliary nerve

A

infratrochlear, long ciliary n, ethmoidal n

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27
Q

Which nerve is important in dehorning in small ruminants vs large

A

Small: cornual branch of infratrochlear nerve
Large: Cornual branch of zygomaticotemporal nerve

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28
Q

What does the nasociliary nerve supply

A

Sensory to the parts of the eye and nasal cavity

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29
Q

What does the frontal nerve supply

A

Sensory to most of forehead and mucosa of frontal sinus

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30
Q

Name the important branch of the frontal nerve and what is supplies

A

Supraorbital nerve
Sensory to upper eyelid and skin near lateral angle

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31
Q

Supraorbital nerve species differences

A

Present in all species
In Eq and Ru ot emerges through supraorbital foramen which is accessible/palpable here for nerve blocks

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32
Q

Maxillary nerve origin

A

Trigeminal ganglion

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33
Q

Maxillary nerve course

A

Runs on cavernous sinus (with ophthalmic and 3) and passes through round foramen (orbitorotundum in Ru.)

Then goes to alar canal (in canine and equine) and rostral alar f.

to Ptyerygopalatine fossa to maxillar foramen to infraorbital canal and infraorbital f.

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34
Q

Maxillary nerve branches

A

Zygomatic, Pterygopalatine, infraorbital

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35
Q

Describe the Zygomatic n course and branches

A

Passes through orbit and exits near orbital lig or postorbital bar

Divides into zygomaticotemporal n and zygomaticofacial n

36
Q

What does zygomaticotemporal n do

A

Supplies skin of temporal region and laterally in the upper eyelid and skin of forehead to the midline

major supply to the horn of cattle (cornual branch) - crossing temporal line of skull

37
Q

What nerves supply the horn in cattle

A

Main one: cornual branch of zygomaticotemporal n
also cornual branch of infratrochlear n and frontal nerve if horns are large (cannot be blocked)

38
Q

What does zygomaticofacial n do

A

more ventral, supplies skin over zygomatic arch and lower eyelid

39
Q

What are the branches of the pteryogopalatine and what do they do

A

Lesser palatine - soft palate
Greater palatine - hard palate
Caudal nasal - nasal cavity and maxillary sinus

40
Q

What does the infraorbital n do

A

Runs in infraorbital canal and supplies the upper dental arcade via the caudal, middle, and rostral superior alveolar branches and continues outside the canal

41
Q

Mandibular n course

A

Passes through oval foramen (foramen lacerum in horse)
short course ventrally to enter mandibular foramen of mandible
passes through mandibular canal and emerges at mental foramina as mental n.

42
Q

What does mandibular n do

A

motor: muscles of mastication
Sensory

43
Q

List the motor branches of the mandibular and what muscle they innervate

A

masticator -> massester m and rostral belly of digastric
deep temporal -> temporalis m
deep pterygoid -> pterygoid mm
mylohyoid -> mylohyoid m
tensory veli palatini -> tensory veli palatini m
tensor tympani n -> tensor tympani n m

44
Q

List the sensory branches of the mandibular and what area they supply

A

Auriculotemporal - skin near rostral part of ear and eye
buccal - inside cheek
lingual - general and special sense of tongue
inferior alveolar - all lower teeth
mental - skin of chin

45
Q

Describe the auriculotemporal n and its branches

A

Sensory to skin of external ear and temporal region
Branches to transverse facial n and communicating br with dorsal buccal of 7
Gives sensation to same field for which the dorsal buccal of 7 provides motor innervation

46
Q

Abducent n course

A

Exits orbital fissure (orbitorotundum in Ru.) with CN 3, 4, and opthalmic

47
Q

What does abducent n do

A

Supplies lateral retractor m

48
Q

Facial nerve course

A

Origin: medulla oblongata at lateral part of trapwezoid body
through Stylomastoid foramen
Very superficial under skin on lateral side of face

49
Q

Which nerve passed through middle ear and can be affected by otitis media

A

Facial n

50
Q

What does facial nerve do

A

Muscles of facial expression
Taste, rostral 2/3 of tongue
secretions (saliva, lacrimal, nasal)
Note: it is the only parasym supply to lacrimal gland

51
Q

Name the three main branches of the facial nerve

A

Auriculopalpebral
Dorsal buccal
Ventral buccal

52
Q

What does auriculopalpebral n do

A

Motor to orbicular oculi - muscle that closes eyelid

53
Q

What does supraorbital n do and what is it a branch of

A

Sensory to upper eyelid
Branch of CN 5 ophthalmic nerve

54
Q

What does vestibulocochlear n (CN 8) do

A

Special sensory for balance and hearing

55
Q

vestibulocochlear n origin

A

Lateral aspect of medulla oblongata:
vestibular nuclei in medulla
cochlear nuclei in medulla

56
Q

vestibulocochlear n course

A

Never leaves the skull
from medulla oblongata tot internal acoustic meatus to petrous part of temporal bone to inner ear

57
Q

Glossopharyngeal n origin and foramen

A

Lateral aspect of medulla oblongata and goes through jugular foramen

58
Q

Glossopharyngeal n function

A

motor to pharynx
sensory to pharynx and carotid sinus (baro and chemo receptors)
Special sense for tastes in caudal 1/3 of tongue
parasympathetic to zygomatic and parotid salivary glands

59
Q

Vagus n origin and foramen

A

Lateral aspect of medulla oblongata and goes through jugular foramen
note: longest CN

60
Q

What does vagus n do

A

parasymp. innervation to viscera of pharynx, nech, thorax, and abdomen

motor and general sensory to soft palate, pharynx, larynx, trahea, esophagus, thoracic viscera, and abdominal viscera

Few special sense (taste from epiglottis)

61
Q

What are the important branches from the vagus and what do they do

A

Cr laryngeal n: motor to one laryngeal n, sensory to laryngeal mucosa

Ca. laryngeal n: continuation of the recurrent laryngeal n and motor to laryngeal mm

62
Q

How is accessory n unique

A

only cranial n that does not take part in innervation of head structures

63
Q

Accessory n course

A

Passes through F. magnum to join medullary root and exit via jugular. foramen

64
Q

What does accessory n do

A

Motor to omotransversarius, cleidocephalicus, trapezius, and sternocephalicus

65
Q

Hypoglossal n function

A

motor to all muscles of tongue

66
Q

Hypoglossal n course

A

Origin: Ventral(not lateral!!) aspect of medulla oblongata (motor nucleus of hypoglossa)
exits hypoglossal canal and runs lateral to ext. carotid a. with linguofacial trunk (horse and ruminant) or lingual a (dog)

67
Q

What nerve(s) runs here and name the foramen

A

Optic (CN 2), optic canal

68
Q

What nerve(s) runs here and name the foramen

A

Oculomotor (CN 3) and Trochlear (CN 4)
orbital fissure (orbitorotundum in Ru.)

69
Q

Name this nerve

A

Trochlear n (CN 4)

70
Q

What are these nerves branches of? and what is their function?

A

Branches of Ophtalmic nerve (V1 of trigeminal- all sensory)
1) Supraorbital n
2) frontal n
3) Lacrimal n
4) Nasociliary n
4’) Infratrochlear

71
Q

Name nerve and clin sig

A

Cornual br of infratrochlear n
Important in dehorning in small ru.

72
Q
A

1) Infratrochlear n
2) frontal n

73
Q

What are these nerves branches of? and what is their function

A

Branches of Maxillary nerve (V2 of trigeminal- all sensory)
5) maxillary n
6) infraorbital n
7) zygomatic n
8) pterygopalatine n
9) lesser palatine n
10) greater palatine n
11) caudal nasal n

74
Q

What innervates these sensory regions

A

1) Ophthalmic n
2) maxillary n
3) mandibular n

75
Q

What are these nerves branches of? and what is their function

A

Branches of Maxillary nerve (V2 of trigeminal- all sensory)
1) Zygomaticotemporal n
2) Zygomatic n
3) Maxillary n
4) Pterygopalatine n
5) Superior alveolar nn (not a maxillary br)
6) Inferior alveolar n

76
Q
A

1) Infraorbital n
2) Zygomaticotemporal n
3) Zygomaticofacial n

77
Q
A

1) Cornual br of infratrochlear n
2) cornual br of zygomaticotemporal n
3) Frontal n

78
Q

What nerve(s) runs here and name the foramen

A

Mandibular n of Trigeminal n (CN 5),
Oval foramen (foramen lacerum in horse)

79
Q

What are these nerves branches of? and what is their function

A

Branches of Mandibular n (V3 of trigeminal - motor and sensory)
13) Masticator n (motor)
14) Deep temporal n (motor)
15) Buccal n (sensory)
16) Deep pterygoid n (motor)
17) Auriculotemproal (sensory)
18) Lingual (sensory)
19) Inferior alveolar (sensory)
19’) Mylohyoid n (motor)
19’’) Mental (sensory)

80
Q
A

1) Auriculotemporal n
2) Mylohyoid n
3) Inferior alveolar
4) Lingual n

81
Q
A

1) Maxillary br (CN 5)
2) Ophthalmic br (CN 5)
3) Facial nerve (CN 7)
4) Mandibular br (CN 5)
5) C2 (Dorsal branch)

82
Q
A

Auriculopalpebral br of Facial n (CN 7)

83
Q
A

1) Dorsal buccal br of CN 7
2) Ventral buccal br of CN 7
3) Parotid duct
4) Parotid salivary gland

84
Q
A

5) Dorsal buccal br of CN 7
6) Ventral buccal br of CN 7
10) Parotid duct
11) Parotid salivary gland

85
Q

Clin sig and function of the nerves in boxes

A

1) zygomatic
2) Lacrimal
3) Auriculopalpebral - motor to orbicular oculi (muscles that closes eyelid)
4) Supraorbital - sensory to upper eyelid
5) infratrochlear

3, 4 important in ocular procedures

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