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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first cranial nerve?

A

Olfactory nerve

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2
Q

Is the first cranial sensory or motor

A

sensory - smell

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3
Q

What does the CN I pass through

A

cribriform plate in the ethmoid bone

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4
Q

What is the clinical test for CN I

A

Hold a strong smelling substance under each nostril and ask patient if they can smell it

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5
Q

What is the name of CN II

A

Optic

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6
Q

Is CN II sensory or motor

A

sensory - vision

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7
Q

Where does CN II pass through

A

optic canals of the sphenoid bone

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8
Q

Damage to CN II and what does this affect

A

damage to:
optic nerve = blindness in same eye
optic tract = complex visual losses
optic chiasma = bitemporal hemiopia

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9
Q

What are the clinical tests for CN II

A

Snellen chart - measures visual accuracy of how small you can read
Test the visual fields - the 4 quadrants of each eye

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10
Q

what is the name of CN III

A

Oculomotor

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11
Q

what is the name of CN IV

A

Trochear

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12
Q

What is the name of CN VI

A

abduncens

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13
Q

Cranial nerves III, IV, VI are all motor or sensory

A

motor

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14
Q

Where do CN III, IV, VI, pass through

A

Superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

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15
Q

What does damage to CN III cause

A

Diplopia (double vision), lateral strabismus (squint), dilated pupil

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16
Q

What does damage to CN IV cause

A

Diplopia, medial strabismus

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17
Q

What does damage to CN VI cause

A

vertical diplopia - patients may tilt head to one side to fuse images

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18
Q

Clinical tests for CN III, IV, VI

A

Ask patient to follow pen as you move it across their visual field
Shine torch into their eyes and check pupillary light reflex - pupils in affected eye will not respond

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19
Q

Clinical tests for CN III, IV, VI

A

Ask patient to follow pen as you move it across their visual field
Shine torch into their eyes and check pupillary light reflex - pupils in affected eye will not respond

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20
Q

What is the name of CN V

A

Trigeminal

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21
Q

Is CN V sensory or motor

A

both but mostly sensory

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22
Q

What are the names of the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

A

Ophthalmic V1
Maxillary V2
Mandibular V3

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23
Q

where does the ophthalmic branch pass through

A

Supraorbital foramen

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24
Q

where does the ophthalmic branch provide sensation to

A

eye and upper nasal cavity

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25
What are the names of the branches of V1 (ophthalmic)
Frontal Lacrimal Nasoscillary
26
what do the 3 branches of V1 (Ophthalmic) provide sensation for
Frontal = skin of forehead Lacrimal = lateral upper eyelid and conjunctiva Nasoscillary = medial upper eyelid, conjunctiva, globe and upper nasal cavity
27
where does the maxillary branch (V2) pass through
infra orbital foramen
28
where does the maxillary branch (V2) provide sensation to?
skin of lower eyelid to upper lip upper dentition hard and soft palates nasal cavity
29
where does mandibular branch V3 pass through
mental foramen
30
which of trigeminals 3 branches has motor innervation as well as sensory
mandibular
31
what is mandibular (V3) sensory to
lower lip and chin lower dentition anterior 2/3 of tongue floor of mouth
32
what is mandibular (V3) motor to
muscles of mastication
33
what is the name of the branch of V3 (Mandibular)
Lingual (can be damaged easily as very superficial)
34
What is lingual sensory to
anterior 2/3 tongue and floor of mouth
35
Clinical Test for CN V (Trigeminal)
1 - sharp blunt test over forehead, cheek, jaw - can patient discern sharp from blunt 2- motor function: ask patient to clench teeth and protrude jaw - if nerve damage it will deviate to the injured side
36
what is the name of CN VII
Facial
37
Where does CN VII enter the cranium
Internal acoustic meatus
38
Where does CN VII exit the cranium
Stylomastoid foramen
39
Is CN VII sensory or motor
Both
40
Where does CN VII provide motor innervation to
Muscles of facial expression
41
Where does CN VII provide sensory innervation to
Taste sensation to anterior 2/3 tongue
42
Where does CN VII provide parasympathetic innervation to
Lacrimal glands, submandibular salivary glands, and sublingual salivary glands
43
Where does CN VII divide into its branches
At the Parotid Gland (main salivary gland)
44
What are the names of the 5 divisions of CN VII
Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical
45
What do the 5 branches of CN VII innervate
Temporal - forehead muscles Zygomatic - obicularis occuli around each eye Buccal - Cheek and upper lip Mandibular - Lower lip Cervical - Platysma muscle
46
What are the functional tests for CN VII
Ask patient to make exaggerated facial expressions and look to see if it is symmetrical on both sides of the face check they can: Wreinkle forehead, screw eyes, purse lips, puff cheeks, stimulate taste
47
Why can CN VII be damaged easily
It is very superficial - through facial trauma or surgery
48
What does damage to CN VII affect
1 - Between brainstem and middle ear - all branches and functions lost - may lead to facial palsy 2 - After middle ear - taste and lacrimation intact but facial expression lost on that side On face - individual muscle groups lost depending on which branches damaged
49
What is the name of CN VIII
Vestibular cochlear
50
Where does CN VIII exit cranium
Internal acoustic meatus
51
Is CN VIII sensory or motor
Sensory - hearing and balance
52
What are the 2 types of hearing loss
Conductive - blockage/damage to the outer or middle ear e.g. ear wax Sensorineural - damage to cochlea or CN VIII - may need cochlea implant
53
Clinical Test for CN VIII
Strike high frequency tuning fork 2cm for patients ear, if cannot hear place on mastoid process. If they can hear now = conductive hearing loss. If still cant hear = sensorineural HL
54
What is the name of CN IX
Glossopharyngeal
55
Is CN IX motor or sensory
both
56
What is CN IX sensory to
mucosa of pharynx (crucial for swallowing and gag reflexes), and (taste sen) post 1/3 tongue
57
What is CN IX parasympathetic to
Parotid salivary glands
58
What does CN IX supply motor innervation to
stylopharyngeus muscle
59
What the clinical test for CN IX
Touch pharyngeal wall to test gag reflex
60
What is the name of CN X
Vagus
61
Where does CN X exit cranium
jugular foramen
62
Is CN X motor or sensory
both
63
What does CN X supply motor innervation to
muscles of pharynx, larynx and soft palate
64
What is CN X sensory to
mucosa of larynx - important for cough reflex
65
What is CN X parasympathetic to
Thorax and abdomen
66
Damage to CN X will affect...
1 - Muscles of soft palate = problems articulating speech sounds (dysarthria) 2 - pharynx = problems swallowing (dysphagia) - patient complain that it feels like food is stuck in throat 3 - Larynx = problems making voice sounds (dysphonia)
67
What is the clinical test for CN X
Ask patient to say 'aah' - this causes soft palate to rise. It should rise symmetrically on both sides Ask patient to cough - it should not be weak or absent - if so vagus is damaged
68
What is the name of CN XI
Accessory nerves
69
Where does CN XI enter cranium
Foramen magnum
70
Where does CN XI exit cranium
jugular foramen
71
is CN XI sensory or motor
Motor
72
What is CN XI motor to
Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius muscles
73
What is the clinical test for CN XI
Ask patient to shrug, or turn head against resistance
74
What is the name of CN XII
Hypoglossal
75
Where does CN XII exit cranium
hypoglossal canal
76
Is CN XII motor or sensory
Motor
77
What does CN XII supply motor innervation to
Muscles of the tongue (only CN to do this)
78
What is the clinical test for CN XII
Ask patient to protrude tongue, if CN XII is damaged it will deviate to one side

Biomed (4 decks)

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