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Biomed > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first cranial nerve?

A

Olfactory nerve

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2
Q

Is the first cranial sensory or motor

A

sensory - smell

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3
Q

What does the CN I pass through

A

cribriform plate in the ethmoid bone

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4
Q

What is the clinical test for CN I

A

Hold a strong smelling substance under each nostril and ask patient if they can smell it

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5
Q

What is the name of CN II

A

Optic

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6
Q

Is CN II sensory or motor

A

sensory - vision

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7
Q

Where does CN II pass through

A

optic canals of the sphenoid bone

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8
Q

Damage to CN II and what does this affect

A

damage to:
optic nerve = blindness in same eye
optic tract = complex visual losses
optic chiasma = bitemporal hemiopia

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9
Q

What are the clinical tests for CN II

A

Snellen chart - measures visual accuracy of how small you can read
Test the visual fields - the 4 quadrants of each eye

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10
Q

what is the name of CN III

A

Oculomotor

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11
Q

what is the name of CN IV

A

Trochear

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12
Q

What is the name of CN VI

A

abduncens

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13
Q

Cranial nerves III, IV, VI are all motor or sensory

A

motor

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14
Q

Where do CN III, IV, VI, pass through

A

Superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

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15
Q

What does damage to CN III cause

A

Diplopia (double vision), lateral strabismus (squint), dilated pupil

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16
Q

What does damage to CN IV cause

A

Diplopia, medial strabismus

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17
Q

What does damage to CN VI cause

A

vertical diplopia - patients may tilt head to one side to fuse images

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18
Q

Clinical tests for CN III, IV, VI

A

Ask patient to follow pen as you move it across their visual field
Shine torch into their eyes and check pupillary light reflex - pupils in affected eye will not respond

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19
Q

Clinical tests for CN III, IV, VI

A

Ask patient to follow pen as you move it across their visual field
Shine torch into their eyes and check pupillary light reflex - pupils in affected eye will not respond

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20
Q

What is the name of CN V

A

Trigeminal

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21
Q

Is CN V sensory or motor

A

both but mostly sensory

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22
Q

What are the names of the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

A

Ophthalmic V1
Maxillary V2
Mandibular V3

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23
Q

where does the ophthalmic branch pass through

A

Supraorbital foramen

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24
Q

where does the ophthalmic branch provide sensation to

A

eye and upper nasal cavity

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25
Q

What are the names of the branches of V1 (ophthalmic)

A

Frontal
Lacrimal
Nasoscillary

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26
Q

what do the 3 branches of V1 (Ophthalmic) provide sensation for

A

Frontal = skin of forehead
Lacrimal = lateral upper eyelid and conjunctiva
Nasoscillary = medial upper eyelid, conjunctiva, globe and upper nasal cavity

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27
Q

where does the maxillary branch (V2) pass through

A

infra orbital foramen

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28
Q

where does the maxillary branch (V2) provide sensation to?

A

skin of lower eyelid to upper lip
upper dentition
hard and soft palates
nasal cavity

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29
Q

where does mandibular branch V3 pass through

A

mental foramen

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30
Q

which of trigeminals 3 branches has motor innervation as well as sensory

A

mandibular

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31
Q

what is mandibular (V3) sensory to

A

lower lip and chin
lower dentition
anterior 2/3 of tongue
floor of mouth

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32
Q

what is mandibular (V3) motor to

A

muscles of mastication

33
Q

what is the name of the branch of V3 (Mandibular)

A

Lingual (can be damaged easily as very superficial)

34
Q

What is lingual sensory to

A

anterior 2/3 tongue and floor of mouth

35
Q

Clinical Test for CN V (Trigeminal)

A

1 - sharp blunt test over forehead, cheek, jaw - can patient discern sharp from blunt
2- motor function: ask patient to clench teeth and protrude jaw - if nerve damage it will deviate to the injured side

36
Q

what is the name of CN VII

A

Facial

37
Q

Where does CN VII enter the cranium

A

Internal acoustic meatus

38
Q

Where does CN VII exit the cranium

A

Stylomastoid foramen

39
Q

Is CN VII sensory or motor

A

Both

40
Q

Where does CN VII provide motor innervation to

A

Muscles of facial expression

41
Q

Where does CN VII provide sensory innervation to

A

Taste sensation to anterior 2/3 tongue

42
Q

Where does CN VII provide parasympathetic innervation to

A

Lacrimal glands, submandibular salivary glands, and sublingual salivary glands

43
Q

Where does CN VII divide into its branches

A

At the Parotid Gland (main salivary gland)

44
Q

What are the names of the 5 divisions of CN VII

A

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical

45
Q

What do the 5 branches of CN VII innervate

A

Temporal - forehead muscles
Zygomatic - obicularis occuli around each eye
Buccal - Cheek and upper lip
Mandibular - Lower lip
Cervical - Platysma muscle

46
Q

What are the functional tests for CN VII

A

Ask patient to make exaggerated facial expressions and look to see if it is symmetrical on both sides of the face
check they can:
Wreinkle forehead, screw eyes, purse lips, puff cheeks, stimulate taste

47
Q

Why can CN VII be damaged easily

A

It is very superficial - through facial trauma or surgery

48
Q

What does damage to CN VII affect

A

1 - Between brainstem and middle ear - all branches and functions lost - may lead to facial palsy
2 - After middle ear - taste and lacrimation intact but facial expression lost on that side
On face - individual muscle groups lost depending on which branches damaged

49
Q

What is the name of CN VIII

A

Vestibular cochlear

50
Q

Where does CN VIII exit cranium

A

Internal acoustic meatus

51
Q

Is CN VIII sensory or motor

A

Sensory - hearing and balance

52
Q

What are the 2 types of hearing loss

A

Conductive - blockage/damage to the outer or middle ear e.g. ear wax
Sensorineural - damage to cochlea or CN VIII - may need cochlea implant

53
Q

Clinical Test for CN VIII

A

Strike high frequency tuning fork 2cm for patients ear, if cannot hear place on mastoid process. If they can hear now = conductive hearing loss. If still cant hear = sensorineural HL

54
Q

What is the name of CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

55
Q

Is CN IX motor or sensory

A

both

56
Q

What is CN IX sensory to

A

mucosa of pharynx (crucial for swallowing and gag reflexes), and (taste sen) post 1/3 tongue

57
Q

What is CN IX parasympathetic to

A

Parotid salivary glands

58
Q

What does CN IX supply motor innervation to

A

stylopharyngeus muscle

59
Q

What the clinical test for CN IX

A

Touch pharyngeal wall to test gag reflex

60
Q

What is the name of CN X

A

Vagus

61
Q

Where does CN X exit cranium

A

jugular foramen

62
Q

Is CN X motor or sensory

A

both

63
Q

What does CN X supply motor innervation to

A

muscles of pharynx, larynx and soft palate

64
Q

What is CN X sensory to

A

mucosa of larynx - important for cough reflex

65
Q

What is CN X parasympathetic to

A

Thorax and abdomen

66
Q

Damage to CN X will affect…

A

1 - Muscles of soft palate = problems articulating speech sounds (dysarthria)
2 - pharynx = problems swallowing (dysphagia) - patient complain that it feels like food is stuck in throat
3 - Larynx = problems making voice sounds (dysphonia)

67
Q

What is the clinical test for CN X

A

Ask patient to say ‘aah’ - this causes soft palate to rise. It should rise symmetrically on both sides
Ask patient to cough - it should not be weak or absent - if so vagus is damaged

68
Q

What is the name of CN XI

A

Accessory nerves

69
Q

Where does CN XI enter cranium

A

Foramen magnum

70
Q

Where does CN XI exit cranium

A

jugular foramen

71
Q

is CN XI sensory or motor

A

Motor

72
Q

What is CN XI motor to

A

Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius muscles

73
Q

What is the clinical test for CN XI

A

Ask patient to shrug, or turn head against resistance

74
Q

What is the name of CN XII

A

Hypoglossal

75
Q

Where does CN XII exit cranium

A

hypoglossal canal

76
Q

Is CN XII motor or sensory

A

Motor

77
Q

What does CN XII supply motor innervation to

A

Muscles of the tongue (only CN to do this)

78
Q

What is the clinical test for CN XII

A

Ask patient to protrude tongue, if CN XII is damaged it will deviate to one side

Biomed (4 decks)

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