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Head and Neck > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are Special Sensory Nerves associated with?

A

Hearing, seeing, smelling, balancing and tasting

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2
Q

What are Special Motor Nerves associated with?

A

Skeletal muscles derived embryologically from the pharyngeal arches and not from the somites

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3
Q

What is the first cranial nerve?

A

The Olfactory Nerve

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4
Q

Which cranial nerve is the Olfactory Nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve I

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5
Q

What fibres does the Olfactory Nerve carry?

A

Special Afferent Fibres

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6
Q

What does the Olfactory Nerve convey?

A

The sense of smell

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7
Q

How does the olfactory nerve leave the cranial cavity?

A

Through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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8
Q

What is the second cranial nerve?

A

The Optic Nerve

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9
Q

Which cranial nerve is the Optic Nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve II

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10
Q

What fibres does the Optic Nerve convey?

A

Special Afferent Fibres

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11
Q

What does the Optic Nerve convey?

A

Vision

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12
Q

How does the optic nerve enter the cranial cavity?

A

Through the optic canal

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13
Q

What is the third cranial nerve?

A

The Oculomotor Nerve

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14
Q

Which cranial nerve is the Oculomotor Nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve III

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15
Q

What are the fibres of the Oculomotor Nerve?

A

General Somatic Efferent

General Visceral Efferent

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16
Q

How does the Oculomotor Nerve leave the cranial cavity?

A

Through the superior orbital fissure

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17
Q

What are innervations of the General Somatic Efferent fibres of the Oculomotor Nerve?

A

The muscles of the eye

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18
Q

What are the innervations of the General Visceral Efferent fibres of the Oculomotor Nerve?

A
  1. Pupillary constriction

2. Ciliary muscles

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19
Q

What is the fourth cranial nerve?

A

The Trochlear Nerve

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20
Q

Which cranial nerve is the Trochlear Nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve IV

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21
Q

What are the fibres of the Trochlear Nerve?

A

General Somatic Efferent fibres

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22
Q

What are the innervations of the Trochlear Nerve?

A

The Superior Oblique (of the eye)

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23
Q

How does the Trochlear Nerve leave the cranial cavity?

A

Through the superior orbital fissure

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24
Q

What is the fifth cranial nerve?

A

The Trigeminal Nerve

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25
Q

Which cranial nerve is the Trigeminal Nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve V

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26
Q

What are the fibres of the Trigeminal Nerve?

A

General Somatic Afferent

Branchial Efferent

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27
Q

What are the divisions of the Trigeminal Nerve?

A
  1. Opthalmic Nerve V1
  2. Maxillary Nerve V2
  3. Mandibular Nerve V3
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28
Q

What is the first division of the Trigeminal Nerve?

A

The Ophthalmic Nerve V1

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29
Q

What is the second division of the Trigeminal Nerve?

A

The Maxillary Nerve V2

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30
Q

What is the third division of the Trigmenial Nerve?

A

The Mandibular Nerve V3

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31
Q

How does the Opthalmic Nerve leave the cranial cavity?

A

Through the superior orbital fissure

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32
Q

What area does the Opthalmic Nerve innervate?

A

From the tip of the nose to the anterior half of the scalp

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33
Q

How does the Maxillary Nerve leave the cranial cavity?

A

Through the foramen rotundum

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34
Q

What area does the Maxillary Nerve innervate?

A

From the nose to the upper jaw

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35
Q

How does the Mandibular Nerve leave the cranial cavity?

A

Through the foramen ovale

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36
Q

What is unique about the Mandibular Nerve?

A

It has a dedicated motor root

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37
Q

What muscles are innervated by the Mandibular Nerve?

A

The 4 muscles of mastication

38
Q

What area is innervated by the Mandibular Nerve?

A

From the lower jaw to the chin to around the ears

39
Q

What is the sixth cranial nerve?

A

The Abducent Nerve

40
Q

Which cranial nerve is the Abducent Nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve VI

41
Q

What are the fibres of the Abducent Nerve?

A

General Somatic Efferent

42
Q

What are the innervations of the Abducent Nerve?

A

The Lateral Rectus muscle in the orbit

43
Q

How does the Abducent Nerve leave the cranial cavity?

A

Through the superior orbital fissure

44
Q

What is the seventh cranial nerve?

A

The Facial Nerve

45
Q

Which cranial nerve is the Facial Nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve VII

46
Q

What are the fibres of the Facial Nerve?

A

General Somatic Afferent
Special Afferent
General Visceral Efferent
Branchial Efferent

47
Q

What are General Somatic Afferent innervations of the Facial Nerve?

A

Sensory input from part of the external acoustic meats and deeper parts of the auricle

48
Q

What are the Special Afferent innervations of the Facial Nerve?

A

Taste from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

49
Q

What are the General Visceral Efferent innervations of the Facial Nerve?

A

It is the parasympathetic part of the autonomic division of the PNS
Stimulate secretomotor activity of the glands of the oral cavity and pharynx

50
Q

What are the Branchial Efferent innervations of the Facial Nerve?

A

The muscles of the face and scalp
Stapedius
Posterior belly of the digastric muscle
Stylohyoid muscle

51
Q

What are the roots of the Facial Nerve?

A

The large motor root and smaller (intermediate) sensory root

52
Q

What is contained in the intermediate root of the Facial Nerve?

A

SA fibres for taste
Parasympathetic GVE fibres
GSA fibres

53
Q

What is contained in the Motor root of the Facial Nerve?

54
Q

How does the Facial Nerve leave the cranial cavity?

A

Through the internal acoustic meatus

55
Q

What is the Greater Petrosal Nerve a derivative of?

A

The Facial Nerve

56
Q

What nerve derives from the Facial Nerve?

A

The Greater Petrosal Nerve

57
Q

What are the nerves given off by the Facial Nerve?

A

The nerve to the stapedius and chorda tympani

58
Q

What is the function of the chorda tympani?

A

It carries taste from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

59
Q

What is the eighth cranial nerve?

A

The Vestibulocochlear Nerve

60
Q

Which cranial nerve is the Vestibocochlear Nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve VIII

61
Q

What are the fibres of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?

A

Special Afferent

62
Q

What are the divisions of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?

A
  1. Vestibular component

2. Cochlear component

63
Q

What is the function of the Vestibular component of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?

64
Q

What is the function of the Cochlear component of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?

65
Q

What is the ninth cranial nerve?

A

The Glossopharyngeal Nerve

66
Q

Which cranial nerve is the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve IX

67
Q

What are the fibres of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

A 
General Visceral Afferent
General Somatic Afferent
Special Afferent
General Visceral Efferent 
Branchial Efferent
68
Q

What are the innervations of the General Visceral Afferent fibres of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

A

Sensory input from the carotid body and sinus

69
Q

What are the innervations of the General Somatic Afferent fibres of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

A

Sensory input from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue, palatine tonsils, oropharynx, mucosa of the middle ear, pharyngotympanic tube and mastoid air cells

70
Q

What are the innervations of the Special Afferent fibres of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

A

Taste from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

71
Q

What are the innervations of the General Visceral Efferent fibres of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

A

It is part of the parasympathetic part of the autonomic division of the PNS
Stimulates secretomotor activity in the parotid salivary gland

72
Q

What are the innervations of the Branchial Efferent fibres of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

A

The Stylopharyngeus muscle (derived from the third pharyngeal arch)

73
Q

How does the Glossopharyngeal Nerve leave the cranial cavity?

A

Through the jugular foramen

74
Q

What is a branch of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

A

The Tympanic Nerve

75
Q

What does the Tympanic Nerve derive from?

A

The Glossopharyngeal Nerve

76
Q

What is the function of the Tympanic Nerve?

A

To provide sensory information of the mucosa of the tympanic cavity, pharyngotympanic tube and mastoid air cells

77
Q

What does the Lesser Petrosal Nerve derive from?

A

The Tympanic Nerve

78
Q

What is the tenth cranial nerve?

A

The Vagus Nerve

79
Q

Which cranial nerve is the vagus nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve X

80
Q

What are the fibres of the Vagus Nerve?

A 
General Somatic Afferent
General Visceral Afferent 
Special Afferent
General Visceral Efferent
Branchial Efferent
81
Q

How does the vagus nerve leave the cranial cavity?

A

Through the jugular foramen

82
Q

What is the eleventh cranial nerve?

A

The Accessory Nerve

83
Q

Which cranial nerve is the Accessory Nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve XI

84
Q

How does the Accessory Nerve enter the cranial cavity?

A

Through the foramen magnum

85
Q

How does the Accessory Nerve exit the cranial cavity?

A

Through the jugular foramen

86
Q

What is the twelfth cranial nerve?

A

The Hypoglossal Nerve

87
Q

Which cranial nerve is the Hypoglossal Nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve XII

88
Q

What are the fibres of the Hypoglossal Nerve?

A

General Somatic Efferent

89
Q

What are the innervations of the Hypoglossal Nerve?

A

All intrinsic muscles and most extrinsic muscles of the tongue

90
Q

What extrinsic muscle of the tongue is not innervated by the Hypoglossal nerve?

A

The Palatoglossus muscle

91
Q

How does the Hypoglossal Nerve exit the cranial cavity?

A

Through the hypoglossal canal

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