Cranial nerves Flashcards by Olivia Key

Cranial Nerve 1

Olfactory nerve

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CN 1 type

sensory
ends in olf bulb
cribriform plate

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CN 2 and type

Optic

sensory

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CN 2 origin

retinal ganglion cells

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What continues after the optic chiasm

optic tract
lateral geniculate body (LGB)
Superior colliculus
primary visual cortex

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CN 3 and type

Oculomotor

Motor (oculomotor nucleus) AND parasymp (edinger-westphal nucleus)

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course of C3

medial side of cerebral peduncles

sup and inf branch, both enter SOF

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what does CN 3 supply?

motor-extraocular muscles EXCEPT lat rectus and superior oblique

parasymp-sphincter pupillae muscle of iris
ciliary muscle

constricts pupils and accommodates lens

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CN 4

Trochlear, motor
most slender, longest
MIDBRAIN
ONLY DORSAL CRANIAL NERVE NERVE IN BRAINSTEM

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what does CN 4 supply

superior oblique extraoc muscle
injury: when you look down, double vision, weakness of eye (CONTRALATERAL EYE AFFECTED, OPTIC AND ALL OTHER CRANIAL NERVES ARE IPSILATERAL)

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CN 6

Abducens
motor
supplies lateral rectus

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CN 5

Trigeminal
Motor
Sensory
Parasymp

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Sensory nuclei of CN 5

Mesencephalic
Pontine (chief)
Spinal

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why does CN 5 have PNS fibres

Parasymp fibres from CN 7 hitchhike

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Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)

Sensory: upper face, scalp, eye, sinuses

PNS: ciliary ganglion to eye for accommodation and pupil constriction (short ciliary nerves)

pterygopalatine ganglion to lacrimal

Symp: long ciliary nerves: pupil dilation (via cavernous sinus)

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Main branches CN V1

lacrimal
frontal
nasociliary

CN V2

Maxillary

sensory: mid face, palate, sinuses, nasopharynx, nose
parasymp: pterygopalatine ganglion: lacrimal gland, mucous glands of nose, palate, nasopharynx
taste: hard and soft palates

main branches CN V2

zygomatic
infraorbital

minor: nasopalatine (nasal cavity)
greater and lesser palatine (palate)
alveolar (upper teeth)

CN V3

Mandibular

sensory: lower face, temple, ant 2/3 tongue (general)

Parasymp: submandibular and otic ganglia-submandibular, sublingual, parotid glands

taste: ant 2/3rds tongue
branchiomotor: muscles of mastication, tensors tympani and palati

main branches CN V3

auriculotemporal
buccal
mental
lingual
muscular

CN 7

FACIAL, motor, sensory, parasymp.

motor: muscles of expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, post belly digastric
taste: specific, ant 2/3rds tongue
skin: ext acoustic meatus
sensory: mucous membrane of nasopharynx and palate
parasymp: lacrimal, nasal, palatine, submandibular and sublingual glands

motor efferent branches of CN 7

Temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical

CN 8

vestibulo cochlear
sensory

vestibulo: starts at vestibular ganglion, ends at vestibular nucleus
cochlear: cochlear ganglion, ends at cochlear nucleus

both leave brainstem and enter int acoustic meatus (pass with CN 7)

Facial nerve nuclei

motor: motor nucleus of VII
sensory: nucleus solitarius, gustatory nucleus
parasymp: superior salivatory and lacrimal nucleus

what do the fibres of the motor nucleus CN 7 create

facial colliculus in floor of 4th vent passes through int acoustic meatus with CN 8 widens in medial middle ear: geniculate ganglion (taste and salivation), turns sharply (chorda tympani) emerges through stylomastoid foramen: supplies muscles of facial expression

CN 9

glossopharyngeal nuclei: motor: nucleus ambiguus sensory: spinal nucleus of trigeminal, tractus solitarius parasymp: inferior salivatory supplies tonsil, palate, post 1/3 tongue jugular foramen

CN 9 distribution

motor: stylopharyngeus ``` sensory: carotid body and sinus-carotid sinus branch pharyngeal branch-oropharynx tympanic branch-middle ear and inner ear lingual-taste post 1/3 tongue, special tonsillar-tonsil and palate external ear ```

Vagus

CN 10 Wandering motor: nucleus ambiguus sensory: nucleus solitarius parasymp: dorsal nucleus of vagus cardiac and recurrent laryngeal branches (vocal cords) jugular foramen and through carotid sheath in neck

distribution of vagus

motor: pharyngeal constrictor muscles, intrinsic muscles of larynx, muscles of palate sensory: tongue, pharynx, larynx, thoracoabdominal viscera, auricle, ext aud meatus, meninges of post cranial fossa parasymp: smooth muscles of trachea, bronchi, GI tract, heart

Accessory

11 2 origins: cranial: nucleus ambiguus spinal root: accessory nucleus from spinal cord (C1-C5) motor: nucleus ambiguus motor nerve sternocleidomastoid trapezius striated muscles soft palate, pahrynx, larynx via fibres that join CN 10

Hypoglossal

12 motor nerve (motor nucleus: hypoglossal nucleus) tongue (intrinsic) and extrinsic muscles (genioglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus) and infrahyoid muscles