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Cranial nerve anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Fibre type of olfactory nerves

A

special sensory

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2
Q

Fibre type of optic nerves

A

special sensory

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3
Q

Fibre type of oculomotor nerves

A

motor and parasympathetic

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4
Q

Fibre type of trochlear nerves

A

motor

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5
Q

Fibre type of trigeminal nerves

A

1 and 2 are sensory only

3 is sensory and motor

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6
Q

Fibre type of abducent nerves

A

motor

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7
Q

Fibre type of facial nerves

A

special sensory, motor and parasympathetic

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8
Q

Fibre type of vestibulocochlear nerves

A

special sensory

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9
Q

Fibre type of glossopharyngeal nerves

A

special sensory, sensory, motor and parasympathetic

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10
Q

Fibre type of vagus nerves

A

sensory, motor, parasympathetic

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11
Q

Fibre type of spinal accessory nerves

A

motor

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12
Q

Fibre type of hypoglossal nerves

A

motor

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13
Q

What is the name of the nerve that comes off the pons?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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14
Q

Where is the extra cranial part of the olfactory nerve?

A

within the olfactory mucosa of the nasal cavity

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15
Q

What foramina does the olfactory nerve pass through?

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone in the anterior cranial fossa

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16
Q

What is the intracranial course of CN I

A

Olfactory nerves synapse with olfactory bulbs and then pass into olfactory cortical areas

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17
Q

Function of CN II

A

Vision

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18
Q

Extra cranial part of optic nerve

A

Neurones of the retina travel posteriorly via the optic nerve

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19
Q

Cranial foramina that the optic nerves go through

A

Optic canal in the middle cranial fossa

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20
Q

Intracranial course of the optic nerve

A

Travels around the pituitary stalk to the optic chasm to form the optic tract

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21
Q

Connection of the optic nerve with the CNS

A

Diencephalon

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22
Q

How do you test CN I?

A

Cover one nostril and present familiar smells to the other

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23
Q

How do you test CN II?

A

Acuity (Snellen chart), colour (Ishihara plate), fields (4 quadrants), reflexes (corneal and pupillary light reflex), fundoscopy

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24
Q

Connection of CN III with the CNS

A

Midbrain

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25
Q

Intracranial part of CN III

A

Travels toward the orbit in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

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26
Q

Which cranial foramina does the oculomotor nerve pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure (SOF)

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27
Q

Extrancranial course of CN III

A

Passes into the orbit and supplies SR, IR, IO, MR and levator papberae superiors

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28
Q

Test CN III

A

Eye movements and test pupillary light reflex

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29
Q

Function of the trochlear nerve

A

Eye movement (motor)

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30
Q

CN IV’s connection with the CNS

A

Midbrain

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31
Q

Intracranial course of CN IV

A

Travels towards the orbit in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

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32
Q

Which foraminae does CN IV pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure (SOF)

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33
Q

Extra cranial course of the trochlear nerve

A

Passes into the orbit and supplies superior oblique muscle only

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34
Q

Function of abducent nerve

A

Eye movement (motor)

35
Q

CN VI’s connection with CNS

A

Pontomedullary junction

36
Q

What is the intracranial course of CN VI?

A

Travels towards the orbit WITHIN the cavernous sinus

37
Q

Which cranial foramina do the abducent nerves pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure (SOF)

38
Q

What is the extra cranial course of CN VI?

A

Passes into the orbit and supplies lateral rectus only

39
Q

How do you test the motor nerves of the eye?

A

The H test

40
Q

What is the function of vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Hearing and balance (special sensory)

41
Q

Attachment of CN VIII to the CNS

A

Pontomedullary junction

42
Q

Extracranial course of CN VIII

A

Axons from the cochlea and vestibular apparatus

43
Q

Which cranial foraminae do CN VIIIs go through?

A

Internal acoustic meatus in the posterior cranial fossa

44
Q

Intracranial course of CN VIII

A

Internal acoustic meatus to pontomedullary junction

45
Q

How is CN VIII clinically tested?

A

Rinne and Weber tests

46
Q

Function of spinal accessory nerve?

A

Motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

47
Q

Connection of CN XI to the CNS

A

Cervical spinal cord

48
Q

Intracranial course of CN XI

A

Ascends through the foramen magnus then travels towards the jugular foramen

49
Q

Which foraminae do the CN XIs go through?

A

Jugular foramen in the posterior cranial fossa

50
Q

Extra cranial part of CN XI

A

Supply the SCM on the deep surface then continue across the posterior triangle to supply trapezius on its deep surface

51
Q

Clinical testing of CN XI

A

Shrug shoulders, turn head to flex neck and turn towards opposite side

52
Q

Function of the hypoglossal nerve

A

Motor to the muscles of the tongue

53
Q

Connection of CN XII with the CNS

A

Via many rootlets lateral to the pyramids of the medulla oblongata

54
Q

Intracranial course of CN XII

A

Passess anteriorly to the hypoglossal canal

55
Q

Which foraminae do the CN XIIs pass through?

A

Hypoglossal canal in the posterior cranial fossa

56
Q

Extra cranial part of CN XII

A

Descends lateral to carotid sheath, turns anteriorly at the level of the hyoid, travels to the lateral aspects of the tongue to the tongue muscles (expect palatoglossus)

57
Q

Clinical testing of CN XII

A

Stick tongue out straight, points towards the injured nerve

58
Q

Function of the trigeminal nerve

A

Ophthalmic - sensory
Maxillary - sensory
Mandibular - sensory and motor

59
Q

Connection of CN V with the CNS

A

Pons (laterally, midway between the midbrain and the medulla)

60
Q

Intracranial part of CN V

A

Inferior to the edge of the tentorium cerebella between the posterior and middle cranial fosse

61
Q

Cranial foramina of CN V1

A

Superior orbital fissure

62
Q

Cranial foramina of CN V2

A

Foramen rotundum

63
Q

Cranial foramina of CN V3

A

Foramen ovale

64
Q

Extra cranial part of the sensory axons of CN V

A

Superior and deep structures of the face, posteriorly to the respective foraminae

65
Q

Extra cranial part of the motor axons of CN V3

A

Though foramen oval towards the skeletal muscles they supply

66
Q

What specifically does CN V1 supply superficially

A

Upper eyelid, cornea, conductive, root/ bridge/ tip of the nose

67
Q

What specifically does CN V2 supply superficially

A

Lower eyelid, maxilla, ala of the nose, skin/ mucosa of the upper lip

68
Q

What specifically does CN V3 supply superficially (sensory)

A

Skin over the mandible and TMJ (not angle of the mandible)

69
Q

What nerve supplies the skin of over the angle of the mandible?

A

Great auricular nerve (C2, 3). Also supplies some of the external ear.

70
Q

What specifically does CN V1 supply deeply?

A

Bones and soft tissue of the orbit, upper anterior nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, anterior and posterior cranial fossae

71
Q

What specifically does CN V2 supply deeply?

A

Lower posterior nasal cavity, maxilla and maxillary sinus, floor of nasal cavity/ palate, maxillary teeth and associated soft tissues

72
Q

What specifically does CN V3 supply deeply

A

Middle cranial fossa, mandible, anterior 2/3rds of the tongue, , floor of the mouth, buccal mucosa, mandibular teeth

73
Q

What do the motor fibres of the mandibular nerve supply?

A

Jaw closing muscles: masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid
Jaw opening: lateral pterygoid
Tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani.

74
Q

Test CN V1

A

Test sensation of forehead, upper eyelid and tip of nose with cotton wool bilaterally

75
Q

Test CN V2

A

Test sensation of mid-cheek, lower eyelid, upper lip and nostril

76
Q

Test sensory component of CN V3

A

Test sensation of mid-cheek, lower lip and chin

77
Q

Test motor component of CN V3

A

Ask patient to clench teeth - palpate the strength of masseter and temporalis contraction.
Ask patient to open jaw against resistance.

78
Q

Connection of CN VII to the CNS

A

Anterolateral at the pontomedullary junction

79
Q

Intracranial course of CN VII

A

Directly into the internal acoustic meatus in the posterior cranial fossa

80
Q

What cranial foraminae do CN VII pass through?

A

In - internal acoustic meatus

Out - stylomastoid foramen

81
Q

What is the extra cranial course somatic motor axons of CN VII?

A

Somatic motor axons pass into the parotid gland, then into 1 of the 5 branches that supply the muscles of facial expression

82
Q

Through which bone does CN VII course?

A

Petrous part of temporal bone

83
Q

What connects the the internal acoustic meatus and the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Facial canal (in the petrous part of the temporal bone)

Cranial nerves (1 decks)

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