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Cranial nerve anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Fibre type of olfactory nerves

A

special sensory

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2
Q

Fibre type of optic nerves

A

special sensory

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3
Q

Fibre type of oculomotor nerves

A

motor and parasympathetic

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4
Q

Fibre type of trochlear nerves

A

motor

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5
Q

Fibre type of trigeminal nerves

A

1 and 2 are sensory only

3 is sensory and motor

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6
Q

Fibre type of abducent nerves

A

motor

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7
Q

Fibre type of facial nerves

A

special sensory, motor and parasympathetic

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8
Q

Fibre type of vestibulocochlear nerves

A

special sensory

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9
Q

Fibre type of glossopharyngeal nerves

A

special sensory, sensory, motor and parasympathetic

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10
Q

Fibre type of vagus nerves

A

sensory, motor, parasympathetic

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11
Q

Fibre type of spinal accessory nerves

A

motor

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12
Q

Fibre type of hypoglossal nerves

A

motor

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13
Q

What is the name of the nerve that comes off the pons?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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14
Q

Where is the extra cranial part of the olfactory nerve?

A

within the olfactory mucosa of the nasal cavity

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15
Q

What foramina does the olfactory nerve pass through?

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone in the anterior cranial fossa

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16
Q

What is the intracranial course of CN I

A

Olfactory nerves synapse with olfactory bulbs and then pass into olfactory cortical areas

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17
Q

Function of CN II

A

Vision

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18
Q

Extra cranial part of optic nerve

A

Neurones of the retina travel posteriorly via the optic nerve

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19
Q

Cranial foramina that the optic nerves go through

A

Optic canal in the middle cranial fossa

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20
Q

Intracranial course of the optic nerve

A

Travels around the pituitary stalk to the optic chasm to form the optic tract

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21
Q

Connection of the optic nerve with the CNS

A

Diencephalon

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22
Q

How do you test CN I?

A

Cover one nostril and present familiar smells to the other

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23
Q

How do you test CN II?

A

Acuity (Snellen chart), colour (Ishihara plate), fields (4 quadrants), reflexes (corneal and pupillary light reflex), fundoscopy

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24
Q

Connection of CN III with the CNS

A

Midbrain

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25
Intracranial part of CN III
Travels toward the orbit in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus
26
Which cranial foramina does the oculomotor nerve pass through?
Superior orbital fissure (SOF)
27
Extrancranial course of CN III
Passes into the orbit and supplies SR, IR, IO, MR and levator papberae superiors
28
Test CN III
Eye movements and test pupillary light reflex
29
Function of the trochlear nerve
Eye movement (motor)
30
CN IV's connection with the CNS
Midbrain
31
Intracranial course of CN IV
Travels towards the orbit in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus
32
Which foraminae does CN IV pass through?
Superior orbital fissure (SOF)
33
Extra cranial course of the trochlear nerve
Passes into the orbit and supplies superior oblique muscle only
34
Function of abducent nerve
Eye movement (motor)
35
CN VI's connection with CNS
Pontomedullary junction
36
What is the intracranial course of CN VI?
Travels towards the orbit WITHIN the cavernous sinus
37
Which cranial foramina do the abducent nerves pass through?
Superior orbital fissure (SOF)
38
What is the extra cranial course of CN VI?
Passes into the orbit and supplies lateral rectus only
39
How do you test the motor nerves of the eye?
The H test
40
What is the function of vestibulocochlear nerve?
Hearing and balance (special sensory)
41
Attachment of CN VIII to the CNS
Pontomedullary junction
42
Extracranial course of CN VIII
Axons from the cochlea and vestibular apparatus
43
Which cranial foraminae do CN VIIIs go through?
Internal acoustic meatus in the posterior cranial fossa
44
Intracranial course of CN VIII
Internal acoustic meatus to pontomedullary junction
45
How is CN VIII clinically tested?
Rinne and Weber tests
46
Function of spinal accessory nerve?
Motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
47
Connection of CN XI to the CNS
Cervical spinal cord
48
Intracranial course of CN XI
Ascends through the foramen magnus then travels towards the jugular foramen
49
Which foraminae do the CN XIs go through?
Jugular foramen in the posterior cranial fossa
50
Extra cranial part of CN XI
Supply the SCM on the deep surface then continue across the posterior triangle to supply trapezius on its deep surface
51
Clinical testing of CN XI
Shrug shoulders, turn head to flex neck and turn towards opposite side
52
Function of the hypoglossal nerve
Motor to the muscles of the tongue
53
Connection of CN XII with the CNS
Via many rootlets lateral to the pyramids of the medulla oblongata
54
Intracranial course of CN XII
Passess anteriorly to the hypoglossal canal
55
Which foraminae do the CN XIIs pass through?
Hypoglossal canal in the posterior cranial fossa
56
Extra cranial part of CN XII
Descends lateral to carotid sheath, turns anteriorly at the level of the hyoid, travels to the lateral aspects of the tongue to the tongue muscles (expect palatoglossus)
57
Clinical testing of CN XII
Stick tongue out straight, points towards the injured nerve
58
Function of the trigeminal nerve
Ophthalmic - sensory Maxillary - sensory Mandibular - sensory and motor
59
Connection of CN V with the CNS
Pons (laterally, midway between the midbrain and the medulla)
60
Intracranial part of CN V
Inferior to the edge of the tentorium cerebella between the posterior and middle cranial fosse
61
Cranial foramina of CN V1
Superior orbital fissure
62
Cranial foramina of CN V2
Foramen rotundum
63
Cranial foramina of CN V3
Foramen ovale
64
Extra cranial part of the sensory axons of CN V
Superior and deep structures of the face, posteriorly to the respective foraminae
65
Extra cranial part of the motor axons of CN V3
Though foramen oval towards the skeletal muscles they supply
66
What specifically does CN V1 supply superficially
Upper eyelid, cornea, conductive, root/ bridge/ tip of the nose
67
What specifically does CN V2 supply superficially
Lower eyelid, maxilla, ala of the nose, skin/ mucosa of the upper lip
68
What specifically does CN V3 supply superficially (sensory)
Skin over the mandible and TMJ (not angle of the mandible)
69
What nerve supplies the skin of over the angle of the mandible?
Great auricular nerve (C2, 3). Also supplies some of the external ear.
70
What specifically does CN V1 supply deeply?
Bones and soft tissue of the orbit, upper anterior nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, anterior and posterior cranial fossae
71
What specifically does CN V2 supply deeply?
Lower posterior nasal cavity, maxilla and maxillary sinus, floor of nasal cavity/ palate, maxillary teeth and associated soft tissues
72
What specifically does CN V3 supply deeply
Middle cranial fossa, mandible, anterior 2/3rds of the tongue, , floor of the mouth, buccal mucosa, mandibular teeth
73
What do the motor fibres of the mandibular nerve supply?
Jaw closing muscles: masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid Jaw opening: lateral pterygoid Tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani.
74
Test CN V1
Test sensation of forehead, upper eyelid and tip of nose with cotton wool bilaterally
75
Test CN V2
Test sensation of mid-cheek, lower eyelid, upper lip and nostril
76
Test sensory component of CN V3
Test sensation of mid-cheek, lower lip and chin
77
Test motor component of CN V3
Ask patient to clench teeth - palpate the strength of masseter and temporalis contraction. Ask patient to open jaw against resistance.
78
Connection of CN VII to the CNS
Anterolateral at the pontomedullary junction
79
Intracranial course of CN VII
Directly into the internal acoustic meatus in the posterior cranial fossa
80
What cranial foraminae do CN VII pass through?
In - internal acoustic meatus | Out - stylomastoid foramen
81
What is the extra cranial course somatic motor axons of CN VII?
Somatic motor axons pass into the parotid gland, then into 1 of the 5 branches that supply the muscles of facial expression
82
Through which bone does CN VII course?
Petrous part of temporal bone
83
What connects the the internal acoustic meatus and the stylomastoid foramen?
Facial canal (in the petrous part of the temporal bone)

Cranial nerves (1 decks)

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