Cranial & Facial Landmarks Flashcards
Occipital Belly
(muscles of cranium)
O: lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line, EOP & mastoid process of temporal bone
I: skin of occipital region, epicranial aponeurosis
A: moves scalp backwards
N: facial nerve
Frontalis
(muscles of cranium)
O: epicranial aponeurosis
I: skin of occipital region, epicranial aponeurosis
A: wrinkles forehead skin, raises eyebrows
N: facial nerve
Temporalis
(muscles of cranium)
O: temporal fascia above ear
I: lateral border of epicranial aponeurosis
A: elevation of ear, stabilizes epicranial aponeurosis
N: facial nerve
Auricularis: anterior, superior, posterior
(muscles of cranium)
O:
anterior - temporal fascia, epicranial aponeurosis
superior - temporal fascia, epicranial aponeurosis
posterior - base of mastoid process
I:
anterior - anterior ear
superior - upper ear
posterior - lower ear
A:
anterior - elevates, draws ear forward
superior - retracts, elevates ear
posterior - retracts, elevates ear
N: facial nerve
Orbicularis Oculi
(muscles of facial expressions)
O: nasal part of front bone, frontal process of maxilla
I: muscle fibers around orbit, downward to cheek, blends with other structures
A:
palpebral part - closes eyes gently
orbital part - stronger closing of eyes
N: facial nerve
Corrugator Supercilii
(muscles of facial expressions)
O: medial end of superciliary arch
I: deep surface of skin above middles of orbital arch
A: draws eyebrows down and in (frowning muscle)
N: facial nerve
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
(muscles of facial expressions)
O: inferior surface of lesser wing of sphenoid bone
I: skin of eyelid, superior tarsal plate of upper eyelid, orbital wall
A: raises upper eyelid
N: oculomotor nerve
Procerus
(nasal muscles)
O: fascia covering lower part of nasal bone, and upper part of lateral nasal cartilage
I: skin over lower part of forehead between eyebrows
A: draws down medial angle of eyebrows, produces wrinkles of bridge of nose
N: facial nerve
Nasalis
(nasal muscles)
O:
alar portion (inferior) - maxilla
transverse portion (superior) - maxilla
I:
alar portion - midline of nose
transverse portion - midline of nose
A:
alar portion - flares nostrils
transverse portion - depresses cartilage of nose
N: facial nerve
Depressor Septi Nasi
(nasal muscles)
O: incisive fossa of maxilla
I: ala & septum of nose
A: draws ala of nose downward to close the nose
N: facial nerve
Levator Labii Superioris
(buccolabial muscles)
O: lower margin of orbit
I: orbicularis of upper lip
A: moves upper lip upward and forward
N: facial nerve
Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nase
(buccolabial muscles)
O: maxilla
I: greater alar cartilage, skin of nose, upper part of lip
A: raises and protrudes upper lip
N: facial nerve
Zygomaticus Minor
(buccolabial muscles)
O: zygomatic bone
I: orbicularis oris of upper lip
A: deepens nasolabial furrow (sadness)
N: facial nerve
Zygomaticus Major
(buccolabial muscles)
O: zygomatic bone in front of temporal process
I: angle of mouth, blends with adjacent muscles
A: draws angle of mouth up and out (smile)
N: facial nerve
Levator Anguli Oris
(buccolabial muscles)
O: maxilla
I: angle of mouth, blends with orbicularis oculi
A: depresses nasolabial furrow
N: facial nerve
Mentalis
(buccolabial muscles)
O: mandible
I: skin of chin
A: raises and protrudes lower lip, wrinkles skin of chin
N: facial nerve
Depressor Labii Inferioris
(buccolabial muscles)
O: mandible
I: skin to lower lip, blends with orbicularis oris
A: depresses lower lip and draws it laterally
N: facial nerve
Depressor Anguli Oris
(buccolabial muscles)
O: mandible
I: angle of mouth, blends with adjacent muscles
A: depresses angle of mouth
N: facial nerve
Buccinator
(buccolabial muscles)
O: maxilla, mandible
I: orbicularis oris at angle of mouth
A: compresses cheeks
N: facial nerve
Orbicularis Oris
(buccolabial muscles)
O: muscle fibers surrounding mouth
I: mucous membrane of lips, blends with other muscles
A: closes lips and protrudes them forward
N: facial nerve
Risoris
(buccolabial muscles)
O: fascia over masseter
I: into skin at angle of mouth
A: retracts angle of mouth’
N: facial nerve
Platysma Muscle
O: fascia and skin over pec major and deltoid
I: mandible, blends with oral muscles
A: retracts and depresses angles of mouth
N: facial nerve
Masseter
(muscles of mastication)
O:
superficial part - maxilla and lower border of zygomatic arch
deep part - zygomatic arch
I
superficial part - angle and ramus of mandible
deep part - coronoid process of mandible
A: closes jaw (elevation, retraction, protraction)
N: trigeminal nerve
Temporalis
(muscles of mastication)
O: temporal fossa and fascia
I: mandible
A: closes jaw (elevation of mandible)
N: trigeminal nerve
Medial/ Internal Pterygoid
(muscles of mastication)
O: pterygoid plate, palatine bone, maxillary tuberosity
I: ramus, angle of mandible foramen
A: closes jaw
N: trigeminal nerve
Lateral/ External Pterygoid
(muscles of mastication)
O:
superior head - greater wing of sphenoid, infratemporal crest
inferior head - lateral ptyerygoid plate
I: condyle of mandible, TMJ joing
A: opens jaw (depression), protrudes mandible and moves side to side
N: trigeminal nerve
Galea Aponeurotica
(special feature)
-underlying aponeurosis of the scalp
-links frontalis and occipitalis muscles
definition: aponeurosis: sheet like tendon connecting muscles
Superior Rectus
(eye muscles)
O: common tendinous ring
I: the sclera, superior aspect of eyeball
A: elevates, adducts, and medially rotates eyeball
N: oculomotor nerve
Inferior Rectus
(eye muscles)
O: common tendinous ring
I: in sclera, inferior aspect of eyeball
A: depresses, adducts and laterally rotates eyeball
N: oculomotor nerve
Medial Rectus
(eye muscles)
O: common tendinous ring
I: medial aspect of eyeball
A: adducts eyeball (medial deviation)
N: oculomotor nerve
Lateral Rectus
(eye muscles)
O: common tendinous ring
I: lateral aspect of eyeball
A: abducts eyeball (lateral deviation)
N: abducens nerve
Inferior oblique
(eye muscles)
O: orbital plate of maxilla
I: lateral sclera deep to lateral rectus
A: directs eyeball/ cornea up and out
N: oculomotor nerve
Superior Oblique
(eye muscles)
O: above medial margin of optic foramen
I: passes through trochlea pulley, attaches to superior sclera (between superior/ lateral recti)
A: directs cornea down and out
N: trochlear nerve
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
O: inferior surface of lesser wing of sphenoid
I: skin and fascia of upper eyelid, superior tarsal plate, orbital wall
A: raises upper eyelids
N: oculomotor nerve
