Cranial Cavity, dura, dural sinuses Flashcards
Name the groove in the middle of the calvaria
Groove for superior saggital sinus
what are the arachnoid granulations called?
GRANULAR FOVEOLAE
what separates the anterior and middle fossa?
Lesser part of sphenoid bone
what separates middle and posterior fossa?
petrous part of the temporal bone
what is the midline projection which separates the cerebral hemispheres calle?
Falx cerebri
What is the middle part of the cranial fossa called?
sella turcica
What is the fossa within the sella turcica called? what does it house?
Hypophyseal fossa, houses the pituitary gland, and partly the hypophyseal stalk which connects hypothalamus to pituitary
what separates the cerebellum from the temporal and occipital lobes?
The tentorium cerebelli
on a cadaver, where may the abducens nerve penetrate?
CLIVUS (at anterior surface of occipital bone)
which sinus’ run in the tentorian cerebelli?
transverse sinus and the superior petrosal sinus
which sinus’ are associated with the falx cerebri
Superior saggital sinus, Inferior saggital sinus AND between falx cerebri and tentorian cerebelli is the striaght sinus
where does the tentorian cerebelli attach anteriorly?
Anterior clinoid process of sphenoid bone!!!
What is the shape of subdural haematomas? whats the difference in epidural haematoma
they are slim and crescent shaped ‘concave’
epidural haematoma looks like they are pushing into the brain, instead of going with it. -> because EPIDURAL haematoma is so HIGH PRESSURE, and they arre arterial, hence tend to be more life threatening
what is a subarachnoid haemorrhage/
bleedin into the subarachnoid space-> aneurysm rupture!
what is an epidural haematoma?
where the bleed (usually from meningeal artery - eg. middle meningeal aa which travels through the foramen spinosum) due to arterial high pressure, separates the DURA from the SKULL
what artery crosses the pterion and hence is at risk of rupture
anterior brnahc of the middle meningeal arteyr
why do we get hernias?
tentorium cerebelli and falx cerebri are much more rigid than the brain
cingulate gyrus might be pushed under the falx cerebri
the uncus through the tentorial notch of the tentorial cerebellli
cerebellar tonsil through foramen magnum
wheredo the superior cerebral veins drain. the inferior siperficial cerebral veins drain and the middle superficial cerebral veins?
Superior cerebral v -> superior saggital sinus
inferior superficial cerebral veins -> transverse sinus or petrosal sinus
where do deep veins of the brain drain?
basal veins and internal cerebral veins
—-> great cerebral vein (of gallan) under corpsu callosum+ inferior saggital sinus => STRAIGHT SINUS
emissary veins = > superior saggital sinus (form of spread)
a summary of veinous flow
blood flows posteriorly in the supperior saggital sinus, posteriorly in the inferior saggital sinus through the straight sinus, and superiorly in the occipital sinus to the CONFLUENCE OF SINUSES.
From here blood flows laterall in the transverse sinuses. The transvvers sinus then becomes the Ssigmoid sinus, where it is joined by the superior petrosal sinus. The sigmoid sinus is joined by the inferior petrosal sinus as it leaves the skull via the jugular foramen to become the internal jugular vein.
The cavernous sinuses (on either side of the sella turcica of sphenoid), recieve ophthalmic vein and sphenoparietal sinus (along the lesser wing of the sphenoid, separating anterior and middle cranial fossa) and drain posteriorly into the superior and inferior petrosal sinus’
What goes through the FORAMEN CAECUM?
Emissary Vein to superior saggital sinus
What goes through the OPTIC CANAL
Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery
What goes through the SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
Occulomotor nerve
trochlear nerve, abducens nerve
V1 : lacrimal, frontal nasociliary nerve
superior ophthalamic vein
what goes through the FORAMEN ROTUNDUM
maxillary nerve V2
Froamen ovale
V3: mandibular nerve
Accessory meningeal artery
Lesser petrosal nerve (CNIX)
Foramen spinosum
Middle meningeal artery and vein
Meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve (CNV3)
Foramen lacerum
Greater petrosal nerve (branch of facial nerve) that innervates lacrimal gland
Carotid Canal
internal carotid artery
internal acoustic meatus
facial nerve VII
VIII
jugular foramen
CNIX, X, XI
hypoglossal canal
CNXII
Foramen Magnum
Medulla
Meninges
Vertebral arteries
Spinal roots of accessory nerves CN XI
