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anatomy y2 > cranial bones cm1 > Flashcards

cranial bones cm1 Flashcards

1
Q

skull division

A

neurocranium, viscerocranium, associated bones

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2
Q

Neurocranium second name

A

calvaria basicranium

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3
Q

viscerocranium second name

A

splanchnocranium

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4
Q

what are associated bones?

A

6 auditory ossicles and hyoid bone

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5
Q

what does the neurocranium harbors

A

brain, meninges, proximal parts of the cranial nerves, and blood vessels

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6
Q

Where are the auditory ossicles located?

A

temporal bone

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7
Q

what is the craniometric reference known as

A

orbitomeatal or Frankfurt plane

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8
Q

what lies in the plane of the orbitomeatal

A

the inferior part of the orbit, the superior part of the external acoustic meatus, and the lateral canthus

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9
Q

characteristics of the neurocranium bones

A

-flat
-curved
-joined by fibrous interlocking joins
-thickness varies by region, age, and gender
-inner and outer plates are separated by spongy bone that contains red bone marrow

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10
Q

the 2 halves of the frontal bone are separated by the frontal suture until….

A

6 years of age

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11
Q

info about the frontal bone (4)

A

-forms the upper margin of the orbit
-squamous part forms the forehead
-fetal skull has 2 frontal bones until they fuse (some adults persists as a metopic suture in the middle of the glabella)
-nasion intersection of the frontal and nasal bones

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12
Q

what does the supraorbital margin consist of?

A

the supraorbital arch and notch

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13
Q

what is the supraorbital margin?

A

angular body between the squamous and the orbital part of the frontal bone.

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14
Q

what is the purpose of the supraorbital foramen?

A

a passageway for the supraorbital nerves and vessels.

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15
Q

superciliary arch

A

-found superiorly of the supraorbital margin
-extends laterally from the glabella
-found more in males

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16
Q

frontal sinuses and functions

A

-2 hollow spaces just above the orbital margins
-lightens the skull
-act as a voice resonator

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17
Q

lacrimal fossa

A

a depression in the inferior surface of the orbital plate of the frontal bone, which provides a shallow depression for the lacrimal gland.

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18
Q

articulations of the frontal bone (7)

A

-parietal bone
-sphenoid bone
-ethmoid bone
-lacrimal bone
-nasal bone
-zygomatic bone
-maxillary bone

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19
Q

info about the parietal bone

A

-superior and lateral part of the cranium
-slightly curved, has a quadrilateral shape
- 2 surfaces, 4 borders, 4 angles

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20
Q

articulations of the parietal bone (5)

A

-other parietal bone
-frontal bone
-sphenoid bone
-temporal bone
-occipital bone

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21
Q

borders of the parietal bone

A

-sagittal border
-squamosal border
-frontal border
-occipital border

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22
Q

sagittal border of the parietal bone?

A

articulation of 2 parietal bones

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23
Q

squamosal border of the parietal bone?

A

1- greater wing of the sphenoid (sphenoparietal suture)

2- squamous part of the temporal bone forming the (squamous suture)

3- mastoid part of the temporal bone (parietomastoid suture)

4- petrous part of the temporal bone

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24
Q

frontal border of the parietal bone?

A

connects to the frontal bone to form the coronal suture

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25
Q

occipital border of the parietal bone?

A

connects to the occipital bone to form the lambdoid suture

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26
Q

superior parietal line?

A

origin of the CT that surrounds the temporalis muscle

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27
Q

inferior parietal line?

A

attachment site for the temporalis muscle

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28
Q

interior markings of the parietal bone?

A

surface grooves for blood vessels

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29
Q

info on the temporal bone?

A

-contains hearing and balance organs

-surrounds and protects the inner ear

-provides attachment site for head and jaw muscle

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30
Q

articulations of the temporal bone (5)

A

-occipital bone

-parietal bone

-sphenoid bone

-zygomatic bone

-mandible bone

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31
Q

parts of the temporal bone

A

-squamous
-tympanic
-mastoid
-petrous

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32
Q

squamous part of the temporal bone?

A

borders the squamous suture

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33
Q

tympanic part of the temporal bone?

A

forms parts of the anterior and posterior wall of the external acoustic meatus.

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34
Q

mastoid part of the temporal bone?

A

gives muscle attachments

35
Q

petrous part of the temporal bone?

A

encloses structures of the inner ear

36
Q

What is the pointed projection in the temporal bone?

A

styloid process

37
Q

temporal bone process

A

-mastoid process
-styloid process
-zygomatic process

38
Q

mastoid process of the temporal bone?

A

-muscle attachment
-mastoid air cells connected to the middle ear

39
Q

styloid process of the temporal bone?

A

attach tendons and ligaments of the tongue, pharynx, and hyoid

40
Q

zygomatic process of the temporal bone?

A

articulates with the temporal process of the zygomatic
bone to form the zygomatic arch

41
Q

auditory ossicles?

A

3 tiny bones in the tympanic cavity, transfer sound form the tympanic membrane to the inner ear

42
Q

auditory ossicles names

A

largest: malleus
middle: incus
smallest: stapes

43
Q

What does the carotid canal allow

A

Allows the internal carotid artery to pass

44
Q

Two names for auditory tube?

A

Eustachian tube and pharyngo-tympanic tube

45
Q

Eustachian tube function?

A

connects the middle ear to the wall of the nasopharynx.

facial nerves, vestibulocochlear nerve, and labyrinthine artery.

46
Q

stylomastoid foramen of the temporal bone

A

for facial nerves

47
Q

Foramen lacerum of the temporal bone

A

the greater petrosal nerve passes through it

48
Q

occipital bone function

A

formes the posterior and inferior part of the cranium.

49
Q

articulations of the occipital bone

A

parietal bone

temporal bone

sphenoid bone

first cervical vertebra (atlas)

50
Q

occipital bone parts

A

basilar part

condylar part

squamous part

51
Q

occipital bone landmarks

A

-external occipital protuberance

-external occipital crest

-superior and inferior nuchal lines

-occipital condyles

52
Q

external occipital protuberance

A

attaches trapezius muscle

53
Q

external occipital crest

A

provide attachments for nuchal ligaments

54
Q

superior and inferior nuchal lines

A

attachment site of muscles and ligaments

55
Q

occipital condyles

A

articulates with the neck

56
Q

foramen of the occipital bone

A

-foramen magnum

-jugular foramen

-hypoglossal canal

57
Q

foramen magnum?

A

connects the cranial and spinal cavities

58
Q

jugular foramen?

A

for jugular veins

59
Q

hypoglossal canal?

A

for hypoglossal nerves

60
Q

sphenoid bone functions and info

A

-part of the floor of the cranium

-unites cranium and facial bones

-strengthens sides of the skull

-contains sphenoidal sinuses

-body has greater wings, lesser wings, and 2 pterygoid processes

61
Q

articulations of the sphenoid bone

A

-all cranial bones

-zygomatic bone

-maxillary bone

-palatine bone

-vomer

62
Q

marks of the sphenoid

A

-sphenoid body

-sella turcica

-hypophyseal fossa

-sphenoidal sinuses

-greater wing

-lesser wing

-pterygoid processes

63
Q

sphenoid body?

A

-found at the central axis of the sphenoid

64
Q

sella turcica?

A

saddle-shaped enclosure

-on the superior surface of the body

65
Q

hypophyseal fossa?

A

-a depression in the sella turcica

-holds the pituitary gland

66
Q

greater wing?

A

part of the cranium floor

posterior part of the orbit

67
Q

pterygoid processes?

A

forms pterygoid plates.

allows muscle attachment of the lower jaw and soft palate

68
Q

foramen of the sphenoid bone

A

-optic canals

-superior orbit fissures

-foramen rotundum

-foramen ovale

-foramen spinosum

69
Q

optic canals?

A

for optic nerves

70
Q

superior orbit fissures?

A

for blood vessels and nerves of the orbit

71
Q

foramen rotundum?

A

for blood vessels and nerves of the face

72
Q

foramen ovale?

A

for blood vessels and nerves of the face

73
Q

foramen spinosum?

A

for blood vessels and nerves of the jaw

74
Q

ethmoid bone function

A

-form the anteromedial floor of the cranium

  • the roof of the nasal cavity

-part of the nasal septum and medial orbit wall

  • contains ethmoid air cells
75
Q

articulations of the ethmoid bone

A

-frontal bone

-sphenoid bone

-lacrimal bone

-nasal bone

-maxillary bone

-palatine bone

-inferior nasal conchae

-vomer

76
Q

parts of the ethmoid bone

A

-the cribriform plate

-the two lateral masses (ethmoidal labyrinth)

-the perpendicular plate

77
Q

the cribriform plate?

A

floor of the cranium

roof of the nasal cavity

-has crista galli

78
Q

the two lateral masses (ethmoidal labyrinth)

A

has ethmoidal air cells

superior and medial nasal conchae

79
Q

the perpendicular plate

A

part of the nasal septum

80
Q

sutures?

A

-sagittal suture

-coronal suture

-lambdoid suture

-squamous suture

81
Q

what does the calvaria consist of

A

frontal, parietal, and occipital bones

82
Q

which suture contains sutural wormian bones

A

lambdoid suture

83
Q

fontanelles meaning

A

fibrous, membrane-covered gaps found when more than 2 cranial bones are juxtaposed

84
Q

how many fontanelles does a newborn have, and where are they found?

A

6

-1 anteriorly, most prominent, rhomboid in shape, between 2 parietals and 2 frontals

-1 posteriorly, triangular in shape, between the occipital and 2 parietal

-2 mastoid

-2 sphenoid

anatomy y2 (2 decks)

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