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anatomy y2 > cranial bones cm1 > Flashcards

cranial bones cm1 Flashcards

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1
Q

skull division

A

neurocranium, viscerocranium, associated bones

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2
Q

Neurocranium second name

A

calvaria basicranium

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3
Q

viscerocranium second name

A

splanchnocranium

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4
Q

what are associated bones?

A

6 auditory ossicles and hyoid bone

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5
Q

what does the neurocranium harbors

A

brain, meninges, proximal parts of the cranial nerves, and blood vessels

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6
Q

Where are the auditory ossicles located?

A

temporal bone

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7
Q

what is the craniometric reference known as

A

orbitomeatal or Frankfurt plane

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8
Q

what lies in the plane of the orbitomeatal

A

the inferior part of the orbit, the superior part of the external acoustic meatus, and the lateral canthus

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9
Q

characteristics of the neurocranium bones

A

-flat
-curved
-joined by fibrous interlocking joins
-thickness varies by region, age, and gender
-inner and outer plates are separated by spongy bone that contains red bone marrow

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10
Q

the 2 halves of the frontal bone are separated by the frontal suture until….

A

6 years of age

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11
Q

info about the frontal bone (4)

A

-forms the upper margin of the orbit
-squamous part forms the forehead
-fetal skull has 2 frontal bones until they fuse (some adults persists as a metopic suture in the middle of the glabella)
-nasion intersection of the frontal and nasal bones

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12
Q

what does the supraorbital margin consist of?

A

the supraorbital arch and notch

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13
Q

what is the supraorbital margin?

A

angular body between the squamous and the orbital part of the frontal bone.

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14
Q

what is the purpose of the supraorbital foramen?

A

a passageway for the supraorbital nerves and vessels.

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15
Q

superciliary arch

A

-found superiorly of the supraorbital margin
-extends laterally from the glabella
-found more in males

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16
Q

frontal sinuses and functions

A

-2 hollow spaces just above the orbital margins
-lightens the skull
-act as a voice resonator

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17
Q

lacrimal fossa

A

a depression in the inferior surface of the orbital plate of the frontal bone, which provides a shallow depression for the lacrimal gland.

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18
Q

articulations of the frontal bone (7)

A

-parietal bone
-sphenoid bone
-ethmoid bone
-lacrimal bone
-nasal bone
-zygomatic bone
-maxillary bone

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19
Q

info about the parietal bone

A

-superior and lateral part of the cranium
-slightly curved, has a quadrilateral shape
- 2 surfaces, 4 borders, 4 angles

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20
Q

articulations of the parietal bone (5)

A

-other parietal bone
-frontal bone
-sphenoid bone
-temporal bone
-occipital bone

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21
Q

borders of the parietal bone

A

-sagittal border
-squamosal border
-frontal border
-occipital border

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22
Q

sagittal border of the parietal bone?

A

articulation of 2 parietal bones

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23
Q

squamosal border of the parietal bone?

A

1- greater wing of the sphenoid (sphenoparietal suture)

2- squamous part of the temporal bone forming the (squamous suture)

3- mastoid part of the temporal bone (parietomastoid suture)

4- petrous part of the temporal bone

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24
Q

frontal border of the parietal bone?

A

connects to the frontal bone to form the coronal suture

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25
occipital border of the parietal bone?
connects to the occipital bone to form the lambdoid suture
26
superior parietal line?
origin of the CT that surrounds the temporalis muscle
27
inferior parietal line?
attachment site for the temporalis muscle
28
interior markings of the parietal bone?
surface grooves for blood vessels
29
info on the temporal bone?
-contains hearing and balance organs -surrounds and protects the inner ear -provides attachment site for head and jaw muscle
30
articulations of the temporal bone (5)
-occipital bone -parietal bone -sphenoid bone -zygomatic bone -mandible bone
31
parts of the temporal bone
-squamous -tympanic -mastoid -petrous
32
squamous part of the temporal bone?
borders the squamous suture
33
tympanic part of the temporal bone?
forms parts of the anterior and posterior wall of the external acoustic meatus.
34
mastoid part of the temporal bone?
gives muscle attachments
35
petrous part of the temporal bone?
encloses structures of the inner ear
36
What is the pointed projection in the temporal bone?
styloid process
37
temporal bone process
-mastoid process -styloid process -zygomatic process
38
mastoid process of the temporal bone?
-muscle attachment -mastoid air cells connected to the middle ear
39
styloid process of the temporal bone?
attach tendons and ligaments of the tongue, pharynx, and hyoid
40
zygomatic process of the temporal bone?
articulates with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch
41
auditory ossicles?
3 tiny bones in the tympanic cavity, transfer sound form the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
42
auditory ossicles names
largest: malleus middle: incus smallest: stapes
43
What does the carotid canal allow
Allows the internal carotid artery to pass
44
Two names for auditory tube?
Eustachian tube and pharyngo-tympanic tube
45
Eustachian tube function?
connects the middle ear to the wall of the nasopharynx. facial nerves, vestibulocochlear nerve, and labyrinthine artery.
46
stylomastoid foramen of the temporal bone
for facial nerves
47
Foramen lacerum of the temporal bone
the greater petrosal nerve passes through it
48
occipital bone function
formes the posterior and inferior part of the cranium.
49
articulations of the occipital bone
parietal bone temporal bone sphenoid bone first cervical vertebra (atlas)
50
occipital bone parts
basilar part condylar part squamous part
51
occipital bone landmarks
-external occipital protuberance -external occipital crest -superior and inferior nuchal lines -occipital condyles
52
external occipital protuberance
attaches trapezius muscle
53
external occipital crest
provide attachments for nuchal ligaments
54
superior and inferior nuchal lines
attachment site of muscles and ligaments
55
occipital condyles
articulates with the neck
56
foramen of the occipital bone
-foramen magnum -jugular foramen -hypoglossal canal
57
foramen magnum?
connects the cranial and spinal cavities
58
jugular foramen?
for jugular veins
59
hypoglossal canal?
for hypoglossal nerves
60
sphenoid bone functions and info
-part of the floor of the cranium -unites cranium and facial bones -strengthens sides of the skull -contains sphenoidal sinuses -body has greater wings, lesser wings, and 2 pterygoid processes
61
articulations of the sphenoid bone
-all cranial bones -zygomatic bone -maxillary bone -palatine bone -vomer
62
marks of the sphenoid
-sphenoid body -sella turcica -hypophyseal fossa -sphenoidal sinuses -greater wing -lesser wing -pterygoid processes
63
sphenoid body?
-found at the central axis of the sphenoid
64
sella turcica?
saddle-shaped enclosure -on the superior surface of the body
65
hypophyseal fossa?
-a depression in the sella turcica -holds the pituitary gland
66
greater wing?
part of the cranium floor posterior part of the orbit
67
pterygoid processes?
forms pterygoid plates. allows muscle attachment of the lower jaw and soft palate
68
foramen of the sphenoid bone
-optic canals -superior orbit fissures -foramen rotundum -foramen ovale -foramen spinosum
69
optic canals?
for optic nerves
70
superior orbit fissures?
for blood vessels and nerves of the orbit
71
foramen rotundum?
for blood vessels and nerves of the face
72
foramen ovale?
for blood vessels and nerves of the face
73
foramen spinosum?
for blood vessels and nerves of the jaw
74
ethmoid bone function
-form the anteromedial floor of the cranium - the roof of the nasal cavity -part of the nasal septum and medial orbit wall - contains ethmoid air cells
75
articulations of the ethmoid bone
-frontal bone -sphenoid bone -lacrimal bone -nasal bone -maxillary bone -palatine bone -inferior nasal conchae -vomer
76
parts of the ethmoid bone
-the cribriform plate -the two lateral masses (ethmoidal labyrinth) -the perpendicular plate
77
the cribriform plate?
floor of the cranium roof of the nasal cavity -has crista galli
78
the two lateral masses (ethmoidal labyrinth)
has ethmoidal air cells superior and medial nasal conchae
79
the perpendicular plate
part of the nasal septum
80
sutures?
-sagittal suture -coronal suture -lambdoid suture -squamous suture
81
what does the calvaria consist of
frontal, parietal, and occipital bones
82
which suture contains sutural wormian bones
lambdoid suture
83
fontanelles meaning
fibrous, membrane-covered gaps found when more than 2 cranial bones are juxtaposed
84
how many fontanelles does a newborn have, and where are they found?
6 -1 anteriorly, most prominent, rhomboid in shape, between 2 parietals and 2 frontals -1 posteriorly, triangular in shape, between the occipital and 2 parietal -2 mastoid -2 sphenoid

anatomy y2 (2 decks)

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