Cranial and Facial Muscles Flashcards
Occipitofrontalis or Epicranius:
Occipital Belly
O: lateral ⅔ of superior nuchal line, EOP & mastoid process of temporal bone
I: skin of occipital region, epicranial aponeurosis
A: moves scalp backward
N: Facial nerve (CN VII), posterior auricular branch
Frontalis
O: epicranial aponeurosis
I: skin of frontal region, epicranial aponeurosis
A: wrinkles the forehead skin, raises eyebrows
N: Facial nerve (CN VII), temporal branches
Temporoparietalis Muscle:
O: temporal fascia above ear
I: lateral border of epicranial aponeurosis
A: elevation of ear, stabilizes epicranial aponeurosis
N: facial nerve (CN VII)
Auricularis Muscle
(anterior, superior, posterior)
O: anterior - temporal fascia, epicranial aponeurosis
superior - temporal fascia, epicranial aponeurosis
posterior - base of mastoid process
I: anterior - anterior ear
superior - upper ear
posterior - lower ear
A: anterior - elevates and draws ear forward
superior - retracts and elevates ear
posterior - retracts and elevates ear
N: facial nerve (CN VII)
Circumorbital & Palpebral muscles:
Orbicularis Oculi:
O: nasal part of frontal bone, frontal process of maxilla, anterior surface of medial palpebral ligament
I: muscle fibres around orbit, downward to cheek, blend with other structures
A: palpebral part: closes eyes gently
A: orbital part: stronger closing of eyes
N: Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Circumorbital & Palpebral muscles:
Corrugator Supercilii:
O: medial end of superciliary arch
I: deep surface of skin above middles of orbital arch
A: draws eyebrows downward and inward (frowning muscle)
N: Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Circumorbital & Palpebral Muscles:
Levator Palpebrae Superioris:
O: inferior surface of lesser wing of the sphenoid
I: skin of the eyelid, superior tarsal plate of upper eyelid, orbital wall
A: raises the upper eyelid
N: oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Nasal Muscles:
Procerus:
O: fascia covering lower part of the nasal bone & upper part of the lateral nasal cartilage
I: skin over lower part of forehead between eyebrows
A: draws down medial angle of eyebrows, produces transverse wrinkles over bridge of nose
N: facial nerve (CN VII)
Nasal Muscles:
Nasalis:
O: alar portion (inferior): maxilla
O: transverse portion (superior): superior & lateral to incisive fossa of maxilla
I: alar portion: ala of the nose
I: transverse portion: by aponeurosis with nasalis
A: alar portion: enlarges nostrils
A: transverse portion: depresses cartilage of nose
N: Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Nasal Muscles:
Depressor Septi Nasi:
O: incisive fossa of maxilla
I: ala & septum of nose
A: draws ala of nose downward to close the nose
N: Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Buccolabial Muscles:
Levator Labii Superioris:
O: lower margin of orbit
I: orbicularis of the upper lip
A: moves upper lip upward and forward
N: Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Buccolabial Muscles:
Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nase:
O: root of nasal process of maxilla
I: greater alar cartilage, skin of nose, lateral part of upper lip
A: raises & protrudes the upper lip
N: Oculomotor (CN VII)
Buccolabial Muscles:
Zygomaticus Minor:
O: zygomatic bone, malar surface
I: orbicularis oris of the upper lip
A: deepens the nasolabial furrow (sadness)
N: Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Buccolabial Muscles:
Zygomaticus Major:
O: zygomatic bone in front of temporal process
I: angle of the mouth, blends with adjacent muscles
A:draws angle of the mouth up & out (smile)
N: Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Buccolabial Muscles:
Levator Anguli Oris:
O: canine fossa of the maxilla
I: angle of the mouth, blends with orbicularis oculi
A: depresses the nasolabial furrow (contempt or disdain)
N: Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Buccolabial Muscles:
Mentalis:
O: incisive fossa of the mandible
I: skin of the chin
A: raises & protrudes the lower lip (wrinkles the skin of chin)
N: facial nerve (CN VII
Buccolabial Muscles:
Depressor Labii Inferioris:
O: oblique line of the mandible
I: skin to lower lip (blends with orbicularis oris)
A: depresses lower lip and draws it laterally
N: facial nerve (CN VII)
Buccolabial Muscles:
Depressor Anguli Oris:
O: oblique line of the mandible
I: angle of the mouth, blends with adjacent muscle
A: depresses angle of the mouth
N: facial nerve (CN VII)
Buccolabial Muscles:
Buccinator:
O: alveolar processes of maxilla, buccinator ridge of mandible, pterygoid mandibular ligament
I: orbicularis oris at angle of mouth
A: compresses the cheeks
N: Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Buccolabial Muscles:
Orbicularis Oris:
O: muscle fibres surrounding mouth
I: into skin & mucous membrane of the lips, blends with other muscles
A: closes lips & protrudes them forwar
N: Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Buccolabial Muscles:
Risorius:
O: fascia over the masseter
I: into skin at angle of mouth
A: retracts angle of the mouth
N: Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Platysma Muscle:
O: fascia and skin over pec major & deltoid
I: lower border of the mandible, blends with oral muscles
A: retracts & depresses angle of mouth
N: facial nerve (CN VII)
Muscles of Mastication:
Masseter:
O: superficial part: zygomatic process of maxilla & lower border of the zygomatic arch
O: deep (profundus) part: posterior 1/3 of inferior border & medial surface of the zygomatic arch
I: superficial part: angle & ramus of mandible
I: deep part: superior ½ of ramus lateral surface of coronoid process of mandible
A: closes the jaw (elevation, retraction or protraction)
N: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Muscles of Mastication:
Temporalis:
O: temporal fossa & fascia
I: coronoid process & ant border of ramus of the mandible
A: closes the jaw (elevation of mandible)
N: Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
Muscles of Mastication:
Medial or Internal Pterygoid:
O: medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate, pyramidal process of the palatine bone, and maxillary tuberosity
I: inferior & posterior part of medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible foramen
A: closes the jaw
N: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Muscles of Mastication:
Lateral or External Pterygoid:
O: superior head: lateral surface of greater wing of sphenoid and the infratemporal crest
O: inferior head: lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid
I: superior & inferior head: anterior part of condyle of the mandible and anterior margin of the articular disc of temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
A: opens the jaw (depression), protrudes the mandible and moves the mandible side to side
N: Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
Eye Muscles:
Superior Rectus:
O: common tendinous ring
I: the sclera, superior aspect of eyeball
A: elevates, adducts and medially rotates eyeball
N: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Eye Muscles:
Inferior Rectus:
O: common tendinous ring
I: in the sclera, inferior aspect of the eyeball
A: depresses, adducts and laterally rotates eyeball
N: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Eye Muscles:
Medial Rectus:
O: common tendinous ring
I: medial aspect of eyeball
A: adducts eyeball (medial deviation)
N: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Eye Muscles:
Lateral Rectus:
O: common tendinous ring
I: lateral aspect of eyeball
A: abducts eyeball (lateral deviation)
N: Abducens nerve (CN VI)
Eye Muscles:
Inferior Oblique:
O: orbital plate of maxilla
I: lateral sclera deep to lateral rectus
A: directs the eye ball or cornea up and out
N: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Eye Muscles:
Superior Oblique:
O: above medial margin of the optic foramen
I: passes through trochlea pulley, attaches to superior sclera (between superior and lateral recti)
A: directs the cornea down and out
N: Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
