Cram

Question 1

What is moral realism?

Answer 1

Philosophical stance which summonses that there are objective moral truths that are behind our everyday cognition.

Question 2

What is the doctrine of the mean?

Answer 2

Golden mean - Aristotelian theory about vices and virtues. A virtue that is in the middle of deficiency and excess.

Question 3

What is the open question argument?

Answer 3

Elaboration on Russell’s barren tautology argument. G.E. Moore “principia ethica.” The question “are bachelors unmarried,” demands yes as the correct respond and is therefore a closed question. The question “is X good?” Opens debate. Therefore no X is synonymous with good. There is no predicate that can stand for X, therefore good is not a property.

Question 4

What is the Frege-Geach problem?

Answer 4

The “embedding problem,” Peter Geach’s attack on non-cognitivism.
1) if X is bad then Y is bad 
2)X is bad 
3)therefore Y is bad 
Argument made invalid by non-cognitivism
1)if X is bad then Y is bad 
2)Boo to X
3)Y is bad? 
A simple sentence can not be impeded into a complex one without collapsing the logic of the argument!

Question 5

What is the Frege-Geach problem?

Answer 5

The “embedding problem,” Peter Geach’s attack on non-cognitivism.
1) if X is bad then Y is bad 
2)X is bad 
3)therefore Y is bad 
Argument made invalid by non-cognitivism
1)if X is bad then Y is bad 
2)Boo to X
3)Y is bad? 
A simple sentence can not be impeded into a complex one without collapsing the logic of the argument!

Question 6

What is non-cognitivism?

Answer 6

Non-cognitivism is the meta-ethical view that ethical sentences do not express propositions and thus cannot be true or false

Question 7

What is mackie’s argument from relativity?

Answer 7

Cultural relativism. I’d there is a range of diverging ethical views and there are disputes about these things that will never be resolved due to conflicting points of view… we must conclude that either moral views merely reflect “adherence to and participation in different ways of life.” Or, there are objective moral truths to which some cultures have inferior epistemic access.

Question 8

Mackie’s argument from queerness

Answer 8

If moral truths did exist, we would need a strange faculty